TABLE 4. Odds ratios for bivariate and multivariable models for personal and interpersonal factors correlated with lifetime violence by intimate partner.
Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate (Unadjusted models) | Adjusted multivariable model 1 | Adjusted multivariable model 2 | Adjusted multivariable model 3 | |
Woman | 1.67* (1.10–2.54) | 2.61** (1.49–4.53) | 2.42** (1.38–4.25) | 2.48** (1.40–4.37) |
Living with child | 3.81* (1.28–11.39) | 2.17* (1.13–4.18) | 1.92 (0.99–3.75) | 1.85 (0.95–3.63) |
Problems walking 400 m | 6.57** (1.86–23.13) | 0.70 (0.27–1.13) | 0.67 (0.22–2.02) | 0.70 (0.23–2.09) |
At least one ADL limitation | 3.08** (1.58–6.01) | 2.72* (1.12–6.62) | 2.30 (0.92–.5.75) | 2.14 (0.85–5.39) |
Two or more falls | 2.51* (1.17–5.38) | 1.38 (0.74–2.57) | 1.40 (0.75–2.64) | 1.40 (0.74–2.65) |
Daily alcohol consumption | 4.70** (1.88–11.74) | 7.02** (2.43–20.29) | 6.53** (2.21–19.26) | 6.83** (2.30–20.23) |
BMI obese | 2.16** (1.23–3.80) | 2.25** (1.27–4.00) | 2.26** (1.97–6.40) | 2.22** (1.23–4.00) |
Lifetime violence by family member | 4.16** (2.52–6.85) | 3.55** (1.97–6.40) | 3.07** (1.66–5.67) | |
Parental substance abuse | 2.16** (1.33–3.52) | 1.48 (0.82–2.67) | ||
Parental divorce in childhood | 3.32** (1.45–7.59) | 2.79* (1.06–7.31) |
Abbreviations: ADL, activity of daily living; BMI, body mass index.
Notes: Reference categories are: man; never married/single; living with spouse only; no problems with walking 400 m; no problems with daily living activities; no falls in last 12 months; no alcohol consumption; normal BMI; no violence by family member during lifetime; did not witness parents abusing alcohol or drugs; parents did not divorce during childhood.
Multivariable model 1 includes significant sociodemographic, health status and health behaviour correlates; model 2 builds on model 1 by adding lifetime violence by family member; model 3 builds on model 2 by adding early childhood circumstances. All multivariable models are adjusted for immigrant status (born outside of Canada), education, occupation and income.
p < .05;
p < .01.