TABLE 4. Odds ratios for bivariate and multivariable models for personal and interpersonal factors correlated with lifetime violence by intimate partner.

	Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals)
	Bivariate (Unadjusted models)	Adjusted multivariable model 1	Adjusted multivariable model 2	Adjusted multivariable model 3
Woman	1.67* (1.10–2.54)	2.61** (1.49–4.53)	2.42** (1.38–4.25)	2.48** (1.40–4.37)
Living with child	3.81* (1.28–11.39)	2.17* (1.13–4.18)	1.92 (0.99–3.75)	1.85 (0.95–3.63)
Problems walking 400 m	6.57** (1.86–23.13)	0.70 (0.27–1.13)	0.67 (0.22–2.02)	0.70 (0.23–2.09)
At least one ADL limitation	3.08** (1.58–6.01)	2.72* (1.12–6.62)	2.30 (0.92–.5.75)	2.14 (0.85–5.39)
Two or more falls	2.51* (1.17–5.38)	1.38 (0.74–2.57)	1.40 (0.75–2.64)	1.40 (0.74–2.65)
Daily alcohol consumption	4.70** (1.88–11.74)	7.02** (2.43–20.29)	6.53** (2.21–19.26)	6.83** (2.30–20.23)
BMI obese	2.16** (1.23–3.80)	2.25** (1.27–4.00)	2.26** (1.97–6.40)	2.22** (1.23–4.00)
Lifetime violence by family member	4.16** (2.52–6.85)		3.55** (1.97–6.40)	3.07** (1.66–5.67)
Parental substance abuse	2.16** (1.33–3.52)			1.48 (0.82–2.67)
Parental divorce in childhood	3.32** (1.45–7.59)			2.79* (1.06–7.31)

Abbreviations: ADL, activity of daily living; BMI, body mass index.

Notes: Reference categories are: man; never married/single; living with spouse only; no problems with walking 400 m; no problems with daily living activities; no falls in last 12 months; no alcohol consumption; normal BMI; no violence by family member during lifetime; did not witness parents abusing alcohol or drugs; parents did not divorce during childhood.

Multivariable model 1 includes significant sociodemographic, health status and health behaviour correlates; model 2 builds on model 1 by adding lifetime violence by family member; model 3 builds on model 2 by adding early childhood circumstances. All multivariable models are adjusted for immigrant status (born outside of Canada), education, occupation and income.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01.