TABLE 1. Diabetes status based on characteristics of study participants, CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.
| Characteristics | Diabetes status of participants, % (95% CI)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Neither diabetes nor
prediabetes n = 2054 |
Prediabetesb
n = 831 |
Type 2 diabetesc
n = 225 |
|
| Age, years | |||
| 20–39 | 42.0 (39.8–42.8) | 18.7 (17.6–19.8) | 8.9 (8.4–10.1) |
| 40–59 | 35.5 (34.5–36.4) | 38.8 (38.1–39.5) | 27.6 (26.8–28.7) |
| 60–79 | 22.5 (21.9–23.6) | 42.5 (41.9–43.8) | 63.5 (62.0–64.8) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 46.9 (45.2–47.8) | 48.4 (47.9–49.7) | 55.1 (54.2–56.5) |
| Male | 53.1 (51.4–54.3) | 51.6 (49.2–52.8) | 44.9 (44.0–45.8) |
| Education | |||
| ≤ High school | 10.7 (10.2–11.8) | 18.5 (18.2–18.9) | 24.4 (23.9–24.8) |
| Some post-secondary | 25.4 (24.9–25.1) | 24.3 (23.1–24.8) | 25.3 (24.2–26.2) |
| ≥ University | 63.9 (63.7–64.6) | 57.2 (56.4–58.1) | 50.3 (50.2–51.3) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 88.0 (79.2–88.7) | 85.9 (84.8–86.8) | 82.7 (81.3–83.1) |
| Non-White | 12.0 (11.2–12.8) | 14.1 (13.2–15.4) | 17.3 (16.2–17.8) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current | 21.6 (20.1–21.8) | 21.2 (20.9–21.7) | 15.5 (14.9–16.1) |
| Former | 29.3 (28.7–30.0) | 35.6 (35.2–36.3) | 38.7 (38.2–39.4) |
| Never | 49.1 (48.5–49.8) | 43.2 (42.6–43.8) | 45.8 (45.3–46.2) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Current | 88.2 (87.5–88.9) | 79.7 (78.8–80.3) | 70.6 (69.2–79.9) |
| Former | 7.4 (6.9–7.8) | 14.8 (14.2–16.1) | 20.6 (19.9–21.4) |
| Never | 4.4 (4.0–4.8) | 5.5 (4.9–5.8) | 8.8 (8.1–9.2) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| <25 | 42.1 (41.6–42.7) | 26.5 (25.7–27.2) | 15.3 (14.4–15.9) |
| 25–29 | 32.7 (31.8–33.0) | 31.5 (31.1–32.4) | 26.6 (26.2–27.4) |
| ≥30 | 25.2 (24.3–25.8) | 42.0 (41.2–42.9) | 58.1 (57.7–60.2) |
| Water source | |||
| Municipal tap water | 87.2 (86.5–87.8) | 85.9 (85.2–86.3) | 83.3 (82.9–84.3) |
| Other | 12.8 (12.3–13.6) | 14.1 (13.5–14.9) | 6.7 (6.2–7.1) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHMS, Canadian Health Measures Survey; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.
a
Missing data, n = 41.
b
Fasting serum glucose = 100–125 mg/dl (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) or HbA1c = 5.7%–6.4%.
c
Fasting serum glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL (≥ 7 mmol/L) or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or self-reported medication use or self-reported health care professional diagnosis.