TABLE 2. Levels of urinary arsenic based on participants’ characteristics in CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.
| Population characteristics | N (%) | Geometric means of urinary arsenic, μg/L (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Urinary arsenic not
corrected for creatinine, μg/L |
Urinary arsenic corrected for
creatinine, µg/ creatinine |
||
| Age, years | |||
| 20–39 | 1059 (33.6) | 11.4 (10.0–13.1) | 12.8 (9.4–17.4) |
| 40–59 | 1126 (35.7) | 12.0 (10.0–14.3) | 15.4 (12.3–19.2) |
| 60–79 | 966 (30.7) | 11.4 (9.3–14.0) | 16.0 (11.8–21.6) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1520 (48.2) | 10.2 (7.6–13.7) | 16.4 (12.5–21.5) |
| Male | 1631 (51.8) | 13.2 (10.0–17.5) | 12.8 (9.6–17.0) |
| Education | |||
| ≤High school | 429 (13.6) | 11.2 (9.2–13.7) | 13.7 (10.6–17.7) |
| Some post-secondary | 780 (24.8) | 10.6 (8.4–13.2) | 13.5 (10.7–16.9) |
| ≥University | 1942 (61.6) | 14.1 (10.2–19.7) | 17.1 (12.8–22.8) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 2708 (85.9) | 11.2 (9.5–13.2) | 13.7 (11.1–16.9) |
| Non-White | 443 (14.1) | 14.0 (9.6–20.5) | 18.4 (12.0–28.3) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current | 655 (20.8) | 10.5 (8.3–13.2) | 12.0 (8.1–17.8) |
| Former | 990 (31.4) | 12.6 (10.0–15.9) | 15.5 (12.0–20.0) |
| Never | 1506 (47.8) | 11.7 (10.0–13.6) | 15.0 (12.5–18.1) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Current | 2663 (84.5) | 11.9 (9.9–14.4) | 14.5 (11.5–18.3) |
| Former | 334 (10.6) | 9.7 (5.7–16.6) | 13.9 (10.9–17.7) |
| Never | 154 (4.9) | 11.3 (8.2–15.6) | 16.3 (11.3–23.5) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| <25 | 1157 (36.7) | 11.7 (10.3–13.3) | 16.0 (12.7–20.1) |
| 25–29 | 989 (31.4) | 12.1 (9.9–14.7) | 14.1 (11.6–17.0) |
| ≥30 | 1005 (31.9) | 11.2 (9.1–13.8) | 13.0 (9.8–17.4) |
| Water source | |||
| Municipal tap water | 2702 (86.0) | 12.0 (10.1–14.2) | 14.9 (12.0–18.6) |
| Other | 449 (14.0) | 10.0 (5.9–16.9) | 12.2 (6.8–21.9) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHMS, Canadian Health Measures Survey; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.