TABLE 4. Binomial logistic regression analysis of participants with prediabetesa and type 2 diabetesb with controls based on urinary arsenic concentration quartiles, CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.
| Urinary arsenic (µg/L)c | Number of participantsd | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (Model 1)e (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (Model 2)f (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Controls
(n=2054) |
With prediabetesa
(n = 831) |
With diabetesb
(n = 225) |
Prediabetesa | Diabetesb | Prediabetesa | Diabetesb | Prediabetesa | Diabetesb | |
| < 5.71 | 554 | 171 | 46 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| 5.71–11.20 | 520 | 197 | 54 | 1.14 (0.86–1.52) | 1.44 (1.08–1.92) | 1.38 (0.87–2.21) | 1.06 (0.60–1.87) | 1.37 (0.88–2.17) | 1.20 (0.70–2.05) |
| 11.21–22.98 | 530 | 192 | 64 | 1.28 (0.92–1.62) | 1.65 (1.07–2.54) | 1.46 (0.92–2.32) | 1.31 (0.63–2.74) | 1.46 (0.92–2.35) | 1.55 (0.83–2.90) |
| ≥ 22.99 | 450 | 271 | 61 | 1.48 (1.18– 2.50) | 1.92 (1.11–3.33) | 2.04 (1.03–4.05) | 1.54 (0.74–3.18) | 2.14 (1.02–4.07) | 1.81 (1.12–2.95) |
| p for trend | .015 | .019 | .042 | .246 | .043 | .017 | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHMS, Canadian Health Measures Survey; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; OR, odds ratio.
a
Fasting serum glucose 100–125 mg/dl (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) or HbA1c 5.7%–6.4%.
b
Fasting serum glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or self-reported medication use or self-reported health care professional diagnosis.
c
Urinary arsenic not corrected for urinary creatinine.
d
Data missing for n = 41 participants.
e
Model 1 adjusted for urinary creatinine, age, sex, alcohol status, smoking status, educational status, BMI and hypertension.
f
Model 2 adjusted as for Model 1 plus seafood consumption.