TABLE 5. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis comparing participants with prediabetesa and diabetesb based on urinary arsenic concentrations quartiles, CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.
Urinary arsenic, µg/Lc | Number of participantsd | OR (95% CI) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controls
(n = 2054) |
With prediabetesa
(n = 831) |
With diabetesb
(n = 225) |
Crude OR | Adjusted OR (Model 1)e | Adjusted OR (Model 2)f | |
< 5.71 | 554 | 171 | 46 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
5.71–11.20 | 520 | 197 | 54 | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 1.35 (0.95–1.79) | 1.35 (0.97–1.82) |
11.21–22.98 | 530 | 192 | 64 | 1.20 (0.88–1.64) | 1.39 (1.01–2.00) | 1.41 (1.02–2.04) |
≥ 22.99 | 450 | 271 | 61 | 1.56 (1.00–2.44) | 1.85 (1.11–3.13) | 1.89 (1.12–3.13) |
p for trend | .049 | .019 | .016 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHMS, Canadian Health Measures Survey; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; OR, odds ratio.
Fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dl (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) or HbA1c 5.7%–6.4%.
Fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or self-reported medication use or self-reported health care professional diagnosis.
Urinary arsenic not corrected for urinary creatinine.
Data missing for n = 41 participants.
Model 1 adjusted for urinary creatinine, age, sex, alcohol status, smoking status, educational status, BMI and hypertension.
Model 2 adjusted as for Model 1 plus for seafood consumption.