TABLE 6. Odds ratio of glycated hemoglobin^a by urinary arsenic concentrations among participants with treated and untreated diabetes in CHMS, Cycle 1, 2007–2009.

Urinary arsenic, (µg/L)b	Number of participants, N		OR (95% CI)
			Crude OR		Adjusted OR (Model 1)c		Adjusted OR (Model 2)d
	Treated diabetese (n = 129)	Untreated diabetesf (n = 96)	Treated diabetes	Untreated diabetes	Treated diabetes	Untreated diabetes	Treated diabetes	Untreated diabetes
< 5.71	30	22	1 (Referent)	1 (Referent)	1 (Referent)	1 (Referent)	1 (Referent)	1 (Referent)
5.71–11.20	34	26	0.78 (0.41–1.49)	1.22 (0.99–1.48)	0.65 (0.39–1.08)	1.61 (1.47–2.23)	0.66 (0.44–1.04)	1.62 (1.19–2.22)
11.21–22.98	36	27	0.94 (0.58–1.51)	1.21 (0.89–1.65)	0.85 (0.46–1.59)	1.72 (1.13–2.57)	0.80 (0.48–1.34)	1.74 (1.18–2.59)
≥ 22.99	29	21	1.11 (0.59–2.04)	1.74 (1.06–2.89)	0.87 (0.52–1.46)	2.84 (1.62–4.98)	0.85 (0.55–1.32)	2.89 (1.65–5.08)
p for trend			.7444	.005	.6122	.001	.7538	.001

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHMS, Canadian Health Measures Survey; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; OR, odds ratio.

^a3 levels of HbA1c: < 5.7%, 5.7%–6.4% and ≥ 6.5%.

^bUrinary arsenic not corrected for urinary creatinine.

^cAdjusted for urinary creatinine, age, sex, alcohol intake, smoking, educational status, BMI and hypertension.

^dAdjusted as for Model 1 plus seafood consumption.

^eAll participants with diabetes who reported use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication.

^fAll participants with diabetes who reported no use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication.