TABLE 1. Association between pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 and congenital anomalies, Canada (excluding Quebec), 2002/03–2012/13.
| Anomaly type | Prevalence (per 1000 live births) |
Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)a | Population attributable risk percent (PAR%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes mellitus present | Diabetes mellitus absent | ||||||
| Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 1 | Type 2 | ||
| Central nervous | 5.3 | 5.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3.48 (3.55–4.76) | 3.85 (2.97–4.99) | 1.66 |
| Cardiovascular | 47.4 | 41.2 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 6.55 (5.89–7.29) | 5.35 (4.83–5.89) | 2.97 |
| Orofacial clefts | 3.6 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.48 (1.70–3.63) | 2.77 (2.02–3.80) | 1.03 |
| Digestive | 4.7 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 3.06 (2.20–4.25) | 2.41 (2.76–3.29) | 1.06 |
| Genitourinary | 20.7 | 20.3 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 1.92 (1.64–2.45) | 1.85 (1.61–2.13) | 0.54 |
| Musculoskeletal | 17.6 | 26.0 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 0.99 (0.84–1.18) | 1.49 (1.32–1.69) | 0.18 |
| Any congenital anomaly | 93.7 | 93.3 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 2.38 (2.20–2.57) | 2.31 (2.16–2.47) | 0.85 |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; PAR, population attributable risk.
Note: PAR% based on the OR for diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2).
a
Adjusted for maternal age, number of previous births, and year of birth.