Table 4.
Nutrient intake and diet quality indicators of each by dietary pattern (Survey-weighted mean values and standard deviations)
| Small eater | Health conscious | Mediterranean | Sweet and processed | Traditional | Snacker | Basic consumer | Total pop. | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrients | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P * |
| Energy (kJ/d) | 6378·5 | 1771·9 | 8278·4 | 2199·5 | 8199·8 | 2083·6 | 8773·8 | 2244·3 | 10 128·6 | 2431·3 | 8527·8 | 2599·1 | 9421·9 | 2771·9 | 8346·2 | 2576·5 | |
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1524·5† | 423·5 | 1978·6 | 525·7 | 1959·8 | 498·0 | 2097·0‡ | 536·4 | 2420·8‡ | 581·1 | 2038·2 | 621·2 | 2251·9‡ | 662·5 | 1994·8 | 615·8 | <0·001 |
| Macronutrients | |||||||||||||||||
| Total fat (g/d) | 58·7 | 19·5 | 72·2† | 21·5 | 80·3‡ | 20·7 | 78·7 | 23·5 | 90·3 | 24·3 | 73·6† | 21·9 | 85·2 | 28·7 | 75·5 | 25·0 | <0·001 |
| SFA (g/d) | 26·3 | 9·5 | 31·4† | 10·8 | 31·2† | 10·2 | 37·3‡ | 12·0 | 41·0‡ | 12·5 | 33·1† | 10·6 | 40·7‡ | 15·9 | 33·7 | 12·7 | <0·001 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d) | 156·3 | 50·0 | 213·5‡ | 69·3 | 193·8† | 63·9 | 231·2‡ | 67·5 | 220·5† | 72·7 | 224·1‡ | 79·4 | 243·6‡ | 85·5 | 205·6 | 74·4 | <0·001 |
| Simple carbo (g/d) | 64·7 | 25·3 | 96·0‡ | 32·1 | 89·0 | 35·0 | 111·7‡ | 38·2 | 78·5† | 35·9 | 99·3‡ | 51·6 | 93·9 | 40·8 | 87·3 | 39·5 | <0·001 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 6·2 | 8·9 | 8·6† | 11·0 | 8·6† | 11·0 | 6·0† | 9·2 | 30·7 | 22·8 | 7·4 | 13·8 | 8·6 | 11·8 | 11·2 | 16·1 | <0·001 |
| Proteins (g/d) | 64·2† | 16·6 | 81·2‡ | 19·6 | 79·8 | 22·0 | 82·0† | 21·6 | 100·6 | 24·9 | 80·1† | 25·3 | 90·0 | 26·3 | 81·2 | 24·9 | <0·001 |
| Fibres (g/d) | 12·3† | 4·2 | 9·7‡ | 6·5 | 18·9 | 5·7 | 15·8† | 5·5 | 16·9† | 5·8 | 13·6† | 4·8 | 18·5 | 7·2 | 16·1 | 6·2 | <0·001 |
| Salt (g/d) | 5·4 | 1·8 | 7·2‡ | 2·3 | 6·8 | 2·3 | 6·7† | 2·1 | 8·9 | 2·8 | 6·8 | 2·6 | 7·9 | 2·9 | 7·0 | 2·6 | <0·001 |
| Minerals | |||||||||||||||||
| Ca (mg/d) | 668·2† | 235·5 | 967·2‡ | 297·5 | 874·1 | 332·3 | 1046·5‡ | 295·9 | 921·3† | 351·0 | 753·1† | 305·8 | 880·1† | 307·3 | 856·3 | 326·9 | <0·001 |
| Fe (mg/d) | 9·4 | 3·7 | 12·8 | 5·7 | 12·5 | 4·7 | 13·2‡ | 5·3 | 14·9 | 4·4 | 11·2† | 3·9 | 12·9† | 4·5 | 12·2 | 4·9 | <0·001 |
| Na (mg/d) | 2142·6 | 709·8 | 2840·9‡ | 911·8 | 2664·6 | 886·9 | 2653·4† | 818·9 | 3508·9 | 1101·6 | 2688·7 | 1033·6 | 3098·2† | 1159·5 | 2750·6 | 1031·2 | <0·001 |
| Mg (mg/d) | 210·6† | 63·2 | 316·2‡ | 121·1 | 281·7‡ | 79·6 | 281·1 | 75·0 | 313·5 | 94·3 | 243·7† | 81·0 | 288·7† | 85·9 | 271·2 | 93·9 | <0·001 |
| K (mg/d) | 2143·7† | 548·8 | 3142·5‡ | 821·4 | 2986·0‡ | 814·1 | 2896·8‡ | 718·5 | 3149·5† | 749·4 | 2356·0† | 721·1 | 3042·8 | 859·4 | 2760·6 | 837·4 | <0·001 |
| Vitamins | |||||||||||||||||
| Vit A (μg/d) | 910·9 | 683·3 | 1486·8‡ | 962·7 | 1402·8‡ | 1052·0 | 986·5† | 549·3 | 1447·1 | 1114·6 | 706·2† | 464·3 | 1294·8† | 795·6 | 1160·9 | 882·1 | <0·001 |
| Vit C (μg/d) | 64·2† | 37·3 | 116·0‡ | 52·9 | 107·5‡ | 50·8 | 103·9‡ | 54·9 | 77·8† | 45·1 | 62·2† | 38·5 | 84·3† | 46·5 | 85·7 | 50·3 | <0·001 |
| Vit E (mg/d) | 8·2 | 4·1 | 12·1‡ | 4·8 | 14·1‡ | 6·4 | 10·4 | 4·4 | 11·0† | 5·3 | 8·7† | 3·8 | 10·5† | 5·0 | 10·5 | 5·2 | <0·001 |
| Vit B1 (mg/d) | 0·9† | 0·3 | 1·2 | 0·3 | 1·2 | 0·6 | 1·4‡ | 0·5 | 1·3† | 0·4 | 1·1† | 0·4 | 1·2† | 0·4 | 1·2 | 0·5 | <0·001 |
| Vit B6 (mg/d) | 1·2† | 0·4 | 1·8‡ | 0·5 | 1·7‡ | 0·6 | 1·8‡ | 0·7 | 1·8† | 0·5 | 1·4† | 0·5 | 1·7 | 0·6 | 1·6 | 0·6 | <0·001 |
| Vit B9 (μg/d) | 204·1† | 69·2 | 314·4‡ | 87·0 | 309·6‡ | 102·9 | 295·2‡ | 102·2 | 285·1† | 90·7 | 208·6† | 76·1 | 277·8† | 86·3 | 265·2 | 97·8 | <0·001 |
| Diet quality indicators | |||||||||||||||||
| Dietary diversity score | 4·68 | 0·38 | 4·95 | 0·05 | 4·91‡ | 0·08 | 4·80 | 0·20 | 4·67† | 0·36 | 4·27† | 0·83 | 4·81 | 0·17 | 4·81 | 0·41 | <0·001 |
| Energy density | 1·1‡ | 0·7 | 0·9† | 0·5 | 1† | 0·5 | 1·1 | 0·7 | 1·2‡ | 0·7 | 1·2‡ | 0·8 | 1 | 0·6 | 1·1 | 0·6 | <0·001 |
| MAR (% of adequacy) | 69·4† | 12·9 | 85·9‡ | 8·6 | 84‡ | 10·0 | 83·3‡ | 9·4 | 83·6† | 8·7 | 72·8† | 13·5 | 82·8 | 10·1 | 79·3 | 12·6 | <0·001 |
Vit, vitamins; carbo, carbohydrates; pop., population; MAR, mean adequacy ratio.
*
ANOVA adjusted for sex, season, level of education, wealth index, occupational status, household size, food insecurity, household composition, municipality size and region, and total energy intake (except for the variable energy), significant at P<0·05.
†
Nutritional intake significantly lower than the overall population; significant at P<0·05.
‡
Nutritional intake significantly higher than the overall population.