Table 1.
Summary of atherosclerosis-related lncRNAs
| Cell type/ process | lncRNA | Class | Location | Roles / targets | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMC | ANRIL[28-35] | Antisense | Nucleus | Guide, scaffold CDKN2A/B | Proliferation ↑/ adhesion ↑/ apoptosis ↓ |
| H19 lincRNA[42-44] | LincRNA | Cytoplasm | Precursor, ceRNA miR-675 Let-7 miRNA |
Unknown | |
| Lnc-Ang362[45] | LincRNA | Unknown | Precursor miR-221/222 |
Proliferation ↑ | |
| SENCR[52] | Antisense | Cytoplasm | Myocd/ Mdk/ Ptn | Synthetic SMC ↑ | |
| LincRNA-p21[20] | LincRNA | Nucleus | RNA-protein p53 |
Proliferation ↓ / apoptosis ↑ | |
| HAS2-AS1[49] | Antisense | Unknown | Guide HAS2 |
Hyaluronan ↑ | |
| HIF1α-AS1[50] | Antisense | Unknown | Unknown | Apoptosis ↑ | |
| LncRNA-GAS5[51] | LincRNA | Cytoplasm | RNA-protein Annexin A2 |
Proliferation ↓/ migration ↓ | |
| EC | NRON[54-57] | LincRNA | Cytoplasm | Decoy, scaffold NFAT |
Proliferation ↓/ tube formation ↓/ migration ↓ |
| Tie-1AS[59] | Antisense | Cytoplasm | lncRNA-mRNA Tie-1 |
Tube formation ↓ | |
| Terminator[60] | LincRNA | Nucleus | Unknown | Pluripotent maintenance | |
| Alien[60] | LincRNA | Nucleus+ Cytoplasm | Unknown | Cell adhesion/ extracellular matrix remodelling/ vessel development | |
| Punisher[60] | Antisense | Nucleus+ Cytoplasm | Unknown | Proliferation ↑/ tube formation ↑ | |
| MALAT1[64-66] | LincRNA | Nucleus | Cyclins A2, B1/B2 | Angiogenesis ↑/ diabetic vascular damage ↑ | |
| MIAT[69] | LincRNA | Nucleus | ceRNA miR-150 |
Angiogenesis ↑/ diabetic vascular damage ↑ | |
| LincRNA-p21[70] | LincRNA | Nucleus | ceRNA miR-130b |
Apoptosis ↑ | |
| FLJ11812[71] | Sense | Unknown | ceRNA miR-4459 |
Autophagy ↑ | |
| sONE[72,74] | Antisense | Nucleus+ Cytoplasm | eNOS | eNOS ↓ | |
| Macrophage | LincRNA-DYNLRB2-2[75] | LincRNA | Uknown | GPR119 | Inflammation ↓/ cholesterol efflux ↑ |
| LncRNA RP5-833A20.1[76] | Antisense | Nucleus+ Cytoplasm | miR-382 | Inflammation ↑/ cholesterol efflux ↓ | |
| E330013P06[77] | LincRNA | Unknown | Unknown | Foam cell formation ↑ | |
| Linc1992[81] | LincRNA | Unknown | RNA-Protein hnRNP-L |
TNF-α expression ↑ | |
| LincRNA-Cox2[80] | LincRNA | Nucleus+ Cytoplasm | RNA-Protein hnRNP-A/B & hnRNP-A2/B1 |
Immune related genes like Ccl5, Il-6 | |
| PTPRJ-AS1[82] | Antisense | Cytoplasm | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Lipid metabolism | HULC[14] | LincRNA | Cytoplasm | Guide miR-9 |
Lipid afflux ↑ |
| SRA[89] | Sense | Nucleus | Coactivator Ppara, Pparg, Fabp4, Lipe |
Adiposity ↑ | |
| APOA1-AS[90] | Antisense | Unknown | Guide ApoA1 |
Lipid afflux ↑ |