Table 2.
Risk of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with DSC compared with patients without DSC
| Outcome | No DSCa
|
DSC
|
HR | 95% CI | P-value | HR adj.b | 95% CI | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Censored | Cases | Censored | |||||||
| Angina pectoris | ||||||||||
| All | 681 | 25,905 | 12 | 1,213 | 1.15 | (0.64–2.04) | 0.64 | 1.18 | (0.66–2.10) | 0.58 |
| Females | 282 | 11,655 | 3 | 610 | 0.62 | (0.20–1.94) | 0.41 | 0.60 | (0.19–1.90) | 0.39 |
| Males | 399 | 14,250 | 9 | 603 | 1.63 | (0.83–3.18) | 0.15 | 1.73 | (0.88–3.38) | 0.11 |
| CHF | ||||||||||
| All | 1,009 | 25,699 | 60 | 1,043 | 3.59 | (2.75–4.69) | <0.01 | 2.98 | (2.27–3.89) | <0.01 |
| Females | 485 | 11,513 | 27 | 525 | 3.20 | (2.15–4.76) | <0.01 | 2.71 | (1.82–4.04) | <0.01 |
| Males | 524 | 14,186 | 33 | 518 | 4.02 | (2.80–5.77) | <0.01 | 3.31 | (2.30–4.77) | <0.01 |
| Myocardial infarction | ||||||||||
| All | 487 | 26,103 | 21 | 1,200 | 2.58 | (1.65–4.04) | <0.01 | 2.53 | (1.62–3.96) | <0.01 |
| Females | 189 | 11,752 | 13 | 596 | 3.65 | (2.05–6.51) | <0.01 | 3.32 | (1.85–5.93) | <0.01 |
| Males | 298 | 14,351 | 8 | 604 | 1.79 | (0.88–3.65) | 0.11 | 1.84 | (0.90–3.76) | 0.10 |
| Stroke | ||||||||||
| All | 932 | 25,681 | 38 | 1,160 | 2.12 | (1.52–2.95) | <0.01 | 1.93 | (1.38–2.69) | <0.01 |
| Females | 429 | 11,523 | 22 | 576 | 2.34 | (1.51–3.63) | <0.01 | 2.09 | (1.35–3.25) | <0.01 |
| Males | 503 | 14,158 | 16 | 584 | 1.86 | (1.12–3.08) | 0.02 | 1.70 | (1.02–2.83) | 0.04 |
| TIA | ||||||||||
| All | 563 | 26,014 | 15 | 1,219 | 1.39 | (0.82–2.33) | 0.22 | 1.32 | (0.78–2.22) | 0.30 |
| Females | 267 | 11,662 | 8 | 613 | 1.45 | (0.71–2.96) | 0.31 | 1.31 | (0.64–2.69) | 0.46 |
| Males | 296 | 14,352 | 7 | 606 | 1.31 | (0.61–2.79) | 0.48 | 1.31 | (0.61–2.79) | 0.49 |
Notes:
The reference category for all strata is the corresponding group without DSC, for example, for estimating the risk of angina pectoris in females when we compared females with DSC with females without DSC.
HR is adjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, and use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blocker, diuretics, beta-blocker, and aldosterone antagonists. The P-values were obtained from the HR analysis. The analysis in all patients is in addition adjusted for sex.
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; DSC, doubling of serum creatinine; HR, hazard ratio; TIA, transient ischemic attack.