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Tumor-associated PD-L1-positive immune cells stain positive for macrophage marker proteins. PD-L1-positive immune cells (black arrow heads) were encountered in combination with PD-L1-positive tumor cells (A1) or as the only PD-L1-positive cell population (B1). In all cases, PD-L1 was positive in immune cells that were also positive for macrophage marker proteins CD163 (A2, B2) and CD68 (Figs. S1, 2).
