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. 2016 Jun 14;8(Suppl 1):57–77. doi: 10.4137/NMI.S29531

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Ethanol metabolism. Ethanol is metabolized to the reactive and toxic acetaldehyde by ADH isozymes. Acetaldehyde is metabolized to acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). An accumulation of acetaldehyde manifests as unpleasant symptoms, including facial flushing, nausea, and rapid heart beat.