Table 5. Clinical Outcomes and Survival Time of Patients Who Have Undergone Treatment for PML Posttransplantation.
| Case Number |
Last Name of Primary Author (Year Published) |
Survival following PML Symptom Onset |
Cytosine Arabinoside |
Mirtazapine | Mefloquine | Cidofovir | Reduced Immunosuppression |
Other | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1* | Current series | 152.5+ | 2mg/kg/d IV × 5days | – | – | – | – | Alive | |
| 4* | Current series | 1.2 | – | – | – | Yes | PEG, tracheostomy | Died d/t PML | |
| 5* | Current series | 18.2 | Yes | – | – | – | – | Died d/t PML | |
| 7* | Current series | 9.1 | – | Yes | Yes | Reduced tacro; D/C campath | – | Died, details unknown | |
| 8* | Current series | 0.9 | – | – | – | D/C sirolimus, dex | – | Died d/t MSOF and sepsis | |
| 9* | Current series | 7.7 | – | Yes | – | – | – | Died d/t PML | |
| 10* | Current series | 2.4 | – | – | Yes | – | – | Died d/t PML with pneumonia | |
| 11* | Current series | 2.2 | – | Yes | Yes | D/C tacro; change to cyc, and pred | Remeron | Died d/t PML | |
| 12* | Current series | 15.6 | – | – | – | Yes | – | Died - Unknown cause | |
| 15* | Current series | 15.8+ | – | – | – | Change to pred only | – | Alive | |
| 1 | Ouwens (2000)28 | 20 | – | – | – | Reduced mm, cyc | Pred pulses | Died d/t PML | |
| 2 | Shitrit (2003)29 | NP | Yes | – | – | Reduced mm, tacro, pred | Probenicid | Stabilized neurological symptoms | |
| 3 | Waggoner (2009)30 | 5.25 | – | Yes | – | Yes | – | – | Died d/t PML |
| 9 | Bronster (1995)36 | 2.25 | Yes | – | – | – | Yes | – | Died d/t PML |
| 10 | Boulton-Jones (2001)37 | 22 | Yes | – | – | – | Yes | – | Stabilized, did not report death |
| 12 | Lima (2005)39 | 1.75 | 2mg/kg/d IV × 5 days | – | – | – | – | – | Died d/t PML |
| 13 | Alibert (2006)40 | <6 | – | – | – | 5mg/kg/d | Reduced pred, tacro | Pegylated INF-alpha | Died d/t PML |
| 18 | Selhorst (1978)44 | 27+ | – | – | – | D/C aza | Tilorone | Stabilized, death not reported | |
| 24 | Saxton (1984)49 | 13.5+ | 0.5mg/kg tid IV × 5 days | – | – | D/C pred, cyclo | – | Stabilized, death not reported | |
| 25 | Garcia (1985)50 | 5+ | – | – | – | D/C pred, aza | – | Improved, death not reported | |
| 26 | Embrey (1988)51 | NP | 0.5mg/kg tid IV × 5 days, then q6wks | – | – | D/C cyclo | – | Improved, death not reported | |
| 27 | Táborský (1998)52 | 5.25 | – | – | – | D/C cyclo, reduced aza, pred | Ganciclovir | Died d/t PML | |
| 30 | Crowder (2005)55 | 37+ | – | – | – | D/C mm, tacro | – | Improved, death not reported | |
| 31 | Manfro (2009)56 | 4+ | – | – | – | D/C mm, reduced pred | – | Improved, death not reported | |
| 32 | Epker (2009)57 | 6+ | – | – | – | Yes | – | Improved, death not reported | |
| 34 | O'shaughnessy (1994)59 | ∼4 | Yes | – | – | – | – | Died d/t PML | |
| 36 | Przepoirka (1997)61 | 12+ | – | – | – | – | IL-2 0.5MU/m2/d IV continuous × 4wks | Improved, death not reported | |
| 37 | Coppo (1999)62 | ∼4 | – | – | – | – | – | Bone marrow infusion | Died d/t PML |
| 38 | Re (1999)63 | >11.25 | cytarabine IT 40mg qwk × 3 | – | – | – | – | subQ IL-2 (9 × 106) q other day | Stabilized, did not report death |
| 39 | Owen (1995)64 | >2 | 2mg/kg IV × 5 days, q2wks | – | – | – | – | Cytosine IT 50mg qwkly | Died d/t PML |
| 40 | Goldberg (2002) A65 | 7+ | – | – | – | Yes | – | continuous infusion IL-2 | Died d/t PML |
| 42 | Osrio (2002)66 | 5 | Yes | – | – | – | – | – | Died d/t PML |
| 43 | Buckanovich (2002)67 | 6.5 | – | – | – | – | – | IL-2 infusion 0.5 million units/m2/d | Improved, did not report death |
| 44 | Streuer (2003)68 | 3 | – | – | – | 5mg/kg q-wkly then q2wkly (6 doses total) | – | – | Died d/t PML |
| 46 | Focosi (2007)70 | 11 | Yes | Yes; po ×3 | IVIG, donor lymphocyte infusions, probenecid | Improved, did not report death | |||
| 47 | Karfan-Dabaja (2007) A71 | 2 | – | – | – | 5mg/kg qwkly ×2 | – | Ziprasidone 20mg po daily then BID | Died d/t PML |
| 48 | Karfan-Dabaja (2007) B71 | 1.25+ | – | – | – | – | D/C tacro | – | Died d/t PML |
| 49 | Yasuda (2008)72 | 2.5+ | – | – | – | – | – | Acyclovir, ribavirin, INF-alpha, autologous lymphocytes | Died d/t PML |
| 52 | Pelosini (2008)75 | 18 | Yes; IT | – | – | 300mg/wk | – | Donor lymphocyte infusions, risperidone × 10 days until 8 mg/d, AraC intrathecally, cidofovir 5mg/kg/wk × 3 doses | Improved, did not report death |
| 53 | Fianchi (2010)76 | 15 | – | 750mg then 500mg q12h | – | – | – | Citalopram 20mg/d × 5 days, IVIG | Improved, did not report death |
| 54 | Tuccori (2010)77 | 7+ | – | Yes | – | Yes | – | Risperidone | Died d/t PML |
aza = azathioprine, BID = 2 times per day; cyclo = cyclosporine, dex = dexamethasone, d/t = due to; D/C = discontinue; IL-2 = interleukin-2; INF = interferon; IT = intrathecal; IV = intravenous; IVIG = intravenous immunoglobulin; mm = mycophenolate mofetil, MSOF = multisystem organ failure, NP = not provided, PEG = percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; PML = progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; po = by mouth; pred = prednisone, q6wks = every 6 weeks; q12h = every 12 hours; subQ = subcutaneous; tacro = tacrolimus; tid = 3 times daily.