Table 1.

Participant Characteristics and LTBI Test Results by Time Point of Screening

Characteristic	Antepartum (n = 149)	Delivery (n = 103)	P Value
Household sociodemographics
Urban/periurban residence, n (%)	129 (86)	72 (69)	0.005*
House with ≤2 rooms, n (%)	130 (87)	85 (82)	0.78
Median adults in house	2 (2–4)	2 (2–5)	0.53
Median children in house	1 (1–2)	2 (1–2)	0.01*
Personal sociodemographics, n (%)
Employed for pay	29 (19)	18 (17)	0.31
Education ≤fourth grade	30 (20)	39 (37)	0.03*
Biomass cooking fuel	15 (10)	25 (24)	0.002*
Moderate to severe food insecurity	14 (9)	11 (10)	0.68
Obstetric history
Gestational age	26 (22–31)	NA	—
First prenatal visit, n (%)	24 (16)	NA	—
First pregnancy, n (%)	43 (29)	39 (38)	0.11
HIV history
Median CD4	468 (343–606)	447 (319–622)	0.42
cART use, n (%)	68 (45)	48 (46)	0.33
cART before pregnancy	26 (18)	18 (18)	0.99
TB risk factors, n (%)
History of TB	1 (0.6)	2 (2)	0.36
History of IPT	0 (0)	0 (0)	>0.95
Close contact with TB	12 (8)	3 (3)	0.11
Contact with MDR-TB	5 (3)	0 (0)	0.25
Positive TB symptom screen	15 (10)	11 (11)	0.79
Household contact with TB symptoms	12 (8)	5 (4)	0.31
Smoker in the house	31 (20)	23 (22)	0.38
LTBI results
TST			0.78
Positive ≥5 mm, n (%)	18 (12)	9 (8)
TST+ median induration, mm (IQR)	16 (13–21)	13 (12–15)	0.19
Negative, n (%)	125 (83)	88 (85)
Did not return, n (%)	6 (4)	6 (6)
QGIT			0.86
Positive, n (%)	42 (28)	29 (28)
QGIT+ median IFN-γ, IU/ml (IQR)	3.22 (1.26–9.79)	1.84 (0.84–4.63)	0.11
Negative, n (%)	103 (69)	70 (67)
Indeterminate, n (%)	4 (2)	4 (3)

Definition of abbreviations: cART = combination antiretroviral therapy; IPT = isoniazid preventive therapy; IQR = interquartile range; LTBI = latent tuberculosis infection; MDR-TB = multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; NA = not applicable; QGIT = QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube test; TB = tuberculosis; TST = tuberculin skin test.

^*Statistically significant.