. 2016 Jun 16;11(6):e0157674. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157674

Table 1. Average weighted specialization of parasitoid assemblage per aphid trait level and corresponding p-values as a result of bootstrap test.

Parasitoid specialization is measured as species richness (SR) or phylogenetic diversity of the hosts (PSV).

Aphid trait	Trait level	PSV	p-value	SR	p-value
Habitat specialization	Specialist	0.71	0.042	12.38	0.017
	Generalist	0.81		16.81
Mobility	High	0.64	0.025	6.45	0.0001
	Weak	0.77		16.28
Ant-attendance	Absent	0.69	0.01^a	10.85	0.0004^a
	Facultative	0.87		17.11
	Obligate	0.78		17.33
Diet breadth	Monophagous	0.70	0.028^b	11.04	0.0002^b
	Oligophagous	0.76		13.31
	Polyphagous	0.81		18.65
Body size	Large	0.64	0.032^c	8.28	0.0002^c
	Medium	0.80		15.99
	Small	0.72		15.97
Life cycle	Monoecious	0.72	> 0.1	12.18	0.0024
	Heteroecious	0.80		18.20
Colony aggregation	Sparse	0.65	0.074	8.55	0.006
	Dense	0.76		14.90
Habitat disturbance	Semi-natural	0.68	0.008	14.30	> 0.1
	Agricultural	0.82		14.08
Concealment	Exposed	0.74	> 0.1	13.23	0.068
	Semi-concealed	0.76		16.80
Wax production	Absent	0.75	> 0.1	14.14	> 0.1
	Present	0.74		13.76

^a—p-value presents difference between not ant-attended vs. ant-attended aphids (both facultative and obligate)

^b—p-value presents difference between monophagous and polyhagous aphids

^c—p-value presents difference between large vs. medium and small body sizes.