Table 2. Chronology of human dentition in South African populations.

Average crown formation times from [49].

		FDI notation		Average crown formation times
Dentition	Tooth	Right quadrant	Left quadrant	Initiation (Ci)	Completion (Crc)
Permanent maxillary teeth	Central incisor	11	21	4 mon.	4.1 yr.
	Lateral incisor	12	22	12.5 mon.	4.8 yr.
	Canine	13	23	9 mon.	4.8 yr.
	First premolar	14	24	1.5 yr.*	6 yr.*
	Second premolar	15	25	2 yr.*	7 yr.*
	First molar	16	26	Birth	2.9 yr.
	Second molar	17	27	3 yr.	6.4 yr.
	Third molar	18	28	8 yr.	11.3–16 yr.**
Permanent mandibular teeth	Central incisor	41	31	3 mon.	3.4 yr.
	Lateral incisor	42	32	5 mon.	3.8 yr.
	Canine	43	33	6.5 mon.	5.2 yr.
	First premolar	44	34	1.75 yr.*	6 yr.*
	Second premolar	45	35	2.25 yr.*	7 yr.*
	First molar	46	36	Birth	3 yr.
	Second molar	47	37	3 yr.	6.2 yr.
	Third molar	48	38	8 yr.	11.2–16 yr.**

Key: C_i: FDI notation: a two-digit system (ISO 3950) developed by the Feédeération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) to associate information to a specific tooth. Syntax: <quadrant code><tooth code>. Deciduous teeth quadrant codes start with 5 (left quadrant maxilla), followed by 6 (right quadrant maxilla), 7 (right quadrant mandible), and 8 (left quadrant mandible); C_i: cusp initiated; Cr_c: crown completed (developmental stages conform to Moorrees [78]);

*: no data published by Reid and Dean [49]—formation ages adapted from Nelson and Ash [50];

**: formation age extended to 16 due to observed inconsistencies and variations in literature with regards to M3 crown formation times [50, 89].