TABLE 3. Associations between independent, control, and dependent variables in the articles presenting multivariate analyses.

Abbreviations: FAE, fetal alcohol effects; FAS, fetal alcohol syndrome; IPV, intimate partner violence; R, reference group; -, no statistically significant relationship (p > .05); ↓, statistically significant negative relationship (p < .05); , statistically significant positive relationship (p < .05).

Note: Where more than one symbol appears in a cell, that article featured finer grained categories of the variable in question which have been collapsed forocncision and those finer categories had different relationships with the dependent variable.

^aThis variable combined physical and emotional harm.

^bThis variable combined physical and emotional harm.

^cThis variable was two or more moves.