Fig. 1.

Distribution of country-pairs by linguistic proximity index

Notes: The linguistic index equals 0 if two languages do not belong to any common language family, 0.1 if they are only related at the level 1; 0.25 at level 2; 0.45 at level 3 and 0.7 at level 4. The index equals 1 if the two countries have a common language. The sample includes country-pairs in the baseline model in column (8) of Table 2. Unbalanced panel of 223 origin countries to 30 OECD destinations for period of 1980–2010.