Table 3.

Robustness checks: Alternative measures of linguistic proximity (Dyen and Levenshtein linguistic indexes and/or controls for multiple official languages) and migration rates to OECD countries.

	First Official Language			All Official Languages			Major Language
Ling. Proximity/Distance measured by:	Ling.Prox	Levenshtein	Dyen	Ling.Prox	Levenshtein	Dyen	Ling.Prox	Levenshtein	Dyen
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
Linguistic Proximity	0.209***	−0.144*	0.203***	0.192***	−0.199***	0.333***	0.355***	−0.218**	0.225**
	(0.066)	(0.076)	(0.077)	(0.054)	(0.058)	(0.066)	(0.085)	(0.099)	(0.096)
Z-score	[0.020]***	[−0.013]*	[0.022]***	[0.024]***	[−0.023]***	[0.039]***	[0.027]***	[−0.016]**	[0.023]**
Constant	−23.576***	−23.373***	−18.884***	−23.712***	−23.297***	−18.885***	−23.517***	−24.027***	−16.534***
	(2.167)	(2.201)	(3.136)	(2.171)	(2.174)	(2.495)	(2.167)	(2.231)	(3.996)
Observations	51,257	49,709	27,495	51,257	50,865	38,612	51,257	48,016	18,906
Adj. R2	0.899	0.899	0.900	0.899	0.899	0.904	0.899	0.898	0.902

Notes: Dependent Variable: Ln(Emigration Rate); numbers in brackets and italic show z-scores (beta coefficients). Controls included: stock of migrants, economic variables, distance variables, year dummies and destination and origin country fixed effects. Robust standard errors clustered at the country-pair level,

^***p<0.01,

^**p<0.05,

^*p<0.1.