Table 4.

The role of English as widely spoken language, education and migration rates to OECD countries.

	All countries			Countries with low levels of education			All countries
	First Official	Major	All Official	First Official	Major	All Official	First Official	First Official
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
Linguistic Proximity:							0.244***	−0.014
							(0.067)	(0.126)
In Non- English   destination	0.363***	0.509***	0.225***	0.271*	−0.176	0.368***
	(0.073)	(0.082)	(0.059)	(0.144)	(0.287)	(0.099)
In English destination	0.061	0.108	0.150*	0.025	0.108	0.227**
	(0.095)	(0.147)	(0.083)	(0.123)	(0.237)	(0.100)
Origin Tertiary Education_t							0.109***	0.099***
							(0.022)	(0.022)
Linguistic Prox*Ter Edu_t								0.094**
								(0.043)
Other controls	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Constant	−23.579***	−23.579***	−23.686***	−41.942***	−41.629***	−41.945***	−23.650***	−23.725***
	(2.174)	(2.174)	(2.172)	(4.498)	(4.498)	(4.496)	(2.210)	(2.208)
Observations	51,257	51,257	51,257	11,079	11,079	11,079	50,497	50,497
Adj. R2	0.899	0.899	0.899	0.890	0.890	0.889	0.899	0.899

Notes: Dependent Variable: Ln(Emigration Rate). Linguistic Proximity measured by our Linguistic Proximity Index. A country with low education is below the 25^th percentile in gross secondary school enrollment rates for a given year. Tertiary education is measured by gross enrollment rates. Controls included: stock of migrants, economic variables, distance variables, year dummies and destination and origin country fixed effects. Robust standard errors clustered at the country-pair level,

^***p<0.01,

^**p<0.05,

^*p<0.1.