Table 1.
Representative examples of radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles
| Radioisotopes | Half-life | Nanoparticles | Radiolabeling methods | Chelators | Applications | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 99mTc | 6 h | IONPs-PEG | Chelator-free | N/A | SPECT/MRI | 27 |
| IONPs-Poly(vinyl alcohol) | Chelator-based | DTPA, NOTA | SPECT/MRI | 26 | ||
| USPIO | Chelator-based | Bisphosphonates | SPECT/MRI | 28, 29 | ||
| 111In | 67.2 h | IONPs-dextran | Chelator-based | DTPA | SPECT/MRI | 34 |
| IONPs-PEG | Chelator-free | N/A | N/A | 57 | ||
| Ferumoxytol | Chelator-free | N/A | N/A | 64 | ||
| 125I | 59 d | IONPs@SiO2 | Iodogen oxidization method | N/A | SPECT/MRI/Optical | 37 |
| 68Ga | 68 min | INOPs | Chelator-based | NOTA | PET/MRI | 44 |
| 18F | 109.8 min | Aminated cross-linked dextran IONPs | Click chemistry | N/A | PET/MRI | 47 |
| 11C | 20.3 min | IONPs-NH2 or IONPs-COOH | Methylation reactions | N/A | PET/MRI | 49 |
| 64Cu | 12.7 h | IONPs-PEG | Chelator-based | DOTA | PET/MRI | 39 |
| IONPs-dextran | Chelator-based | DOTA | N/A | 40 | ||
| IONPs-PEG | Chelator-based | NOTA | PET/MRI | 41 | ||
| MoS2-IONPs | Chelator-free | N/A | PET/MRI | 60 | ||
| Ferumoxytol | Chelator-free | N/A | N/A | 64 | ||
| 89Zr | 3.3 d | Ferumoxytol | Chelator-based | DFO | PET/MRI | 63 |
| Ferumoxytol | Chelator-free | N/A | PET/CT | 64 | ||
| 69Ge | 69 h | IONPs@PAA | Chelator-free | N/A | PET/MRI | 68 |
| 72As | 26 h | IONPs@PAA | Chelator-free | N/A | PET/MRI | 67 |