Figure 2.

Non-pharmacological activation of cardiac defense. Age-dependent decline of Nrf2 result in chroic oxidative stress and subsequent induction of pathological processes accelerating cardiac complication. Acute exercise promotes transient transcriptional induction of cytoprotective genes, endurances exercise develops severe oxidative stress and suppresses the benefits of exercise. Moderate exercise training promotes antioxidant signaling via stabilization of Nrf2, thereby protects the aging myocardium from oxidative-stress associated pathological processes.