Table 1.

Input and output variables of the model.

Variable	Description	Type	Units	Equations	Initial value
Fi(t)	Water flux into the mesophyll	Output	mol H2O m−2 s−1	(2)
kx(t)	Hydraulic conductivity between xylem and mesophyll	Output	mol H2O m−2 s−1MPa−1	(3)
kx, 0	Irradiance dependent component of xylem hydraulic conductance	Input	g H2O m−2 s−1MPa−1	(4)
kx, C	Oscillation dependent component of xylem hydraulic conductance	Input	g H2O m−2s−1MPa−1	(5)
ψm(t)	Water potential in the mesophyll	Output	MPa	(6)	−0.08
ψs(t)	Osmotic potential in the mesophyll	Output	MPa	(7)	−1.28
ψp(t)	Hydrostatic pressure in the mesophyll	Output	MPa	(8)	1.2
Wm(t)	Water content in the mesophyll cell	Output	mol H2O m−2	(1)	16
Nm(t)	Amount of solute in the mesophyll	Output	mol solute m−2	(9)	0.121
F0(t),	Efflux from the mesophyll	Output	mol H2O m−2s−1	(10)
E(t)	Evapotranspiration rate	Output	mol H2O m−2s−1	(10)
gtw(t)	Total conductance to water vapor transport	Output	mol H2O m−2s−1	(11)
δe(t)	Vapor pressure deficit	Input	kPa	(12)
s(t)	Slope of the curve relating the temperature to the vapor pressure deficit	Input	Pa K−1	(13)
Tl(t)	Leaf temperature at time t	Output	K	(14)	295.15
Ta (t)	Air temperature	Input	K	–
gsw(t)	Stomatal conductance to water vapor	Output	mol H2O m−2s−1	(15)	0.02
gsc(t)	Stomatal conductance to CO2	Output	mol CO2 m−2s−1	(1.16)	0.0125
Rn(t)	Net radiation	Input	J m−2s−1	Measured
G(t)	Steady-state target under the current environmental condition	Output	mol CO2 m−2s−1	(16)
A(t)	Steady-state net photosynthesis rate	Output	μmol CO2 m−2 s−1	(18, 21, 23, 19, 24)
Cc (t)	Chloroplastic CO2 concentration	Output	μmol mol−1	(20)
hr(t)	Relative humidity	Input	–	Measured
J(t)	Rate of electron transport	Output	μmol e− m−2 s−1	(22)
Iinc(t)	Amount of incident photosynthetically active irradiance	Input	μmol photon m−2 s−1	Measured