Table 2.
Trend of risk factors among rural participants between 1991–1994 and 2010–2012.
| Risk factors | Prevalence rates in males %, 95% CI |
Prevalence rates in females %, 95% CI |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 2010 | 2010 age adjusted ratesa | 1991 | 2010 | 2010 age adjusted ratesa | |
| Current smokers | 45.9, 43.7–48.1 | 24.4,* 20.1–28.7 | 23.4, 20.9–25.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lifetime abstainers (alcohol) | 46.8, 44.6–49.0 | 37.5,* 35.0–40.0 | 37.9, 34.8–41.2 | 100 | 98.3,* 97.7–98.9 | 98.5, 94.0–100 |
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (overweight/obese) | 8.5, 7.3–9.7 | 27.0,* 21.9–31.9 | 27.0, 24.1–29.9 | 11.0, 9.8–12.2 | 35.2,* 27.9–42.6 | 34.9, 32.1–37.7 |
| Total cholesterol >200 mg% or on medication | 13.8, 11.9–15.7 | 27.5,* 21.6–33.3 | 26.7, 23.8–29.6 | 13.7, 12.1–15.3 | 24.6,* 17.9–31.2 | 22.9, 20.6–25.2 |
| HDL ≤ 40 mg% | 69.1, 66.6–71.6 | 64.7, 61.9–67.5 | 64.8, 60.2–69.5 | 61.7, 59.4–64.0 | 53.6,* 51.1–56.1 | 53.7, 50.1–57.3 |
| Triglycerides >190 mg% | 12.9, 11.1–14.7 | 19.3,* 15.9–22.6 | 19.2, 16.7–21.8 | 8.7, 7.4–10.0 | 10.2, 8.6–11.9 | 9.5, 8.0–10.9 |
| BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or on medication | 7.9, 6.7–9.1 | 18.0,* 12.6–23.4 | 17.0, 16.8–17.3 | 7.4, 6.4–8.4 | 13.3,* 10.9–15.6 | 12.1, 11.9–12.2 |
| Fasting sugar ≥126 mg% or on medication | 3.6, 2.6–4.6 | 11.4,* 8.7–14.1 | 10.1, 8.4–11.8 | 2.5, 1.8–3.2 | 9.6,* 6.9–12.3 | 8.4, 7.1–9.7 |
a
Adjusted to 1991 survey population.
*
Chi-square p < 0.001, comparison of rates in 1991 and 2010.