Table 3.
Trend of risk factors among urban participants between 1991–1994 and 2010–2012.
| Risk factors | Prevalence rates in males %, 95% CI |
Prevalence rates in females %, 95% CI |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 2010 | 2010: age adjusted ratesa | 1991 | 2010 | 2010: age adjusted ratesa | |
| Current smokers | 47.4, 44.5–50.3 | 26.2,* 23.4–29.0 | 25.9, 22.7–29.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lifetime abstainers (alcohol) | 56.6, 53.7–59.5 | 57.5, 54.3–60.7 | 57.7, 52.8–62.5 | 100 | 99.8, 99.5–100 | 99.9, 94.2–100 |
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (overweight/obese) | 23.0, 20.3–25.7 | 45.3,* 40.9–49.7 | 43.5, 38.7–48.2 | 32.8, 30.2–35.5 | 61.1,* 57.1–65.2 | 59.8, 55.0–64.5 |
| Total cholesterol >200 mg% or on medication | 24.8, 22.1–27.6 | 34.7,* 30.0–39.4 | 33.4, 29.1–37.7 | 24.8, 22.4–27.2 | 31.0, 27.6–34.4 | 29.4, 26.1–32.8 |
| HDL ≤ 40 mg% | 70.3, 67.4–73.2 | 84.5,* 81.7–87.3 | 84.4, 77.4–91.4 | 58.4, 55.6–61.2 | 76.7,* 74.0–79.4 | 77.1, 71.5–82.6 |
| Triglycerides >190 mg% | 21.0, 18.4–23.6 | 23.9, 20.1–27.8 | 23.3, 19.7–26.9 | 15.9, 13.8–17.9 | 14.2, 10.8–17.5 | 13.2, 10.9–15.4 |
| BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or on medication | 19.6, 17.3–21.9 | 28.6,* 25.1–32.0 | 26.6, 22.9–30.2 | 17.2, 15.3–19.2 | 23.7,* 20.9–26.5 | 22.4, 19.5–25.2 |
| Fasting sugar >140 mg% or on medicationb | 7.5, 5.8–9.2 | 21.4,* 18.2–24.6 | 20.2, 16.9–23.5 | 5.9, 4.6–7.2 | 19.3,* 16.7–21.9 | 17.7, 15.2–20.3 |
a
Adjusted to 1991 survey population.
b
Definition used in 1991 and raw data unavailable for re-classification.
*
Chi-square p = 0.000, for comparison of rates in 1991 and 2010.