Table 4.
Comparison of mean values of risk factors in 1991–1994 and 2010–2012.
| Risk factors | Rural: mean, SD and mean difference |
Urban: mean, SD and mean difference |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males |
Females |
Males |
Females |
|||||||||
| 1991 (a) | 2010 (b) | b − a | 1991 (a) | 2010 (b) | b − a | 1991 (a) | 2010 (b) | b − a | 1991(a) | 2010 (b) | b − a | |
| Physical measurements | ||||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.3, 3.2 |
22.6, 3.9 |
2.3 | 20.6, 3.7 |
23.5, 4.7 |
2.9 | 22.4, 4.2 | 24.5, 4.4 |
2.1 | 23.4, 5.1 |
26.5, 5.3 |
3.1 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 74.7, 8.7 |
82.9, 11.0 |
8.2 | 68.6, 8.9 |
81.0, 12.0 |
12.4 | 80.6, 11.0 |
89.9, 11.3 |
9.3 | 74.7, 11.6 |
91.9, 11.0 |
17.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 110.0, 16.2 |
118.5, 17.9 |
8.5 | 110.3, 16.0 |
111.9, 12.0 |
1.6 | 117.4, 17.5 |
121.2, 18.7 |
3.8 | 118.2, 20.2 |
115.2, 19.0 |
3.0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72.0, 11.1 |
77.7, 17.0 |
5.7 | 70.8, 9.6 |
74.7, 10.9 |
3.9 | 77.0, 11.1 |
79.1, 12.4 |
2.1 | 75.4, 11.5 |
76.5 11.3 |
1.1* |
| Biochemical risk factors | ||||||||||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mg%) | 91.2, 28.1 |
99.0, 39.5 |
7.8 | 90.0, 21.6 |
97.8, 34.8 |
7.8 | 99.3, 35.7 |
109.6, 49.9 |
10.3 | 98.7, 36.8 |
109.7, 49.0 |
11.0 |
| Total cholesterol (mg%) | 158.8, 39.4 |
175.6, 46.3 |
16.8 | 161.3, 38.0 |
173.7, 42.3 |
12.4 | 176.9, 41.1 |
184.5, 41.0 |
7.6 | 177.1, 40.8 |
180.6, 41.2 |
3.5† |
| Triglycerides (mg%) | 118.1, 75.2 |
140.8, 116.0 |
22.7 | 109.5, 61.6 |
111.6 72.4 |
2.1‡ | 139.2, 77.0 |
154.6, 108.6 |
15.4 | 133.5, 74.4 |
122.4, 76.7 |
−11.1 |
| HDL (mg%) | 37.2, 11.0 |
37.3, 11.9 |
0.3‡ | 38.6, 9.9 |
40.0, 11.6 |
1.4 | 36.6, 11.8 |
30.6, 12.9 |
−6.0 | 39.1, 11.9 |
33.6, 11.1 |
−5.5 |
Independent t-test, p = 0.000 for all comparisons between 1991 and 2010, except those marked *p = 0.01, †p = 0.044, ‡p > 0.05.