Figure 1. Increased IL-22 levels in plasmodial infections.

Plasma samples of patients with P. falciparum infection were compared to healthy controls (n_control = 9; n_{P. falciparum} = 30) (A). Plasma samples of PbA iRBC-infected wt mice were compared to PBS treated control mice at d6 p.i. (n_control = 43; n_PbA = 36) (B). The concentration of IL-22 in the plasma was analysed by ELISA. IL-22 producing cells were determined by flow cytometry. For this purpose wt mice were infected with 1 × 10⁵ PbA iRBC i.p. or treated with PBS as control. At d6 p.i. mice were sacrificed and 2 × 10⁶ splenocytes were stimulated for 6 h with PMA/Ionomycin, including the last 5 h with Monensin. The percentages of IL-22 secreting cells were determined by flow cytometry and are depicted in relation the their parent cell populations (n_naive = 3; n_{PbA d6} = 5). Depicted are the means ± SEM.