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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Sep 30;156:282–288. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.024

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Emergency department visits involving opioid analgesic use and misuse, centered on date of prescription drug monitoring program implementation.a

aFigure includes only metropolitan areas with data pre- and post-implementation: Boston, New York City, Chicago, Minneapolis, Denver, Phoenix, and San Francisco.