FIGURE 1.

Illustration of the RCC-5 multi-taxonomy alignment approach. In all visualizations (Figs. 1, 3–7, Supplementary Figs. S3 1–13 available on Dryad), the input and aligned, noncongruent concepts sec. Groves (2005) are illustrated as green rectangles (T₂). Input and aligned, noncongruent concepts sec. Groves (1993) are shown as yellow octagons (T₁). Congruent sets of aligned concepts are rendered in gray rectangles with rounded corners. A) Visualization of input constraints T₂ (Microcebus/Mirza sec. Groves (2005)), T₁ (Microcebus sec. Groves 1993), and articulations (A) as provided by the user. Each taxonomic concept hierarchy is separately assembled via parent/child (is_a) relationships. The three concepts (Microcebus griseorufus, Microcebus murinus, Microcebus myoxinus) sec. Groves (2005) are each properly included (<) in Microcebus murinus sec. Groves (1993), based on synonymy information shown in Figure 2. Four additional species-level concepts sec. Groves (2005) are articulated as exclusive (|) of Microcebus sec. Groves (1993), because they are based on phenotypic material for which there was no equivalent in the earlier (1993) edition of MSW2 (Zimmermann et al. 1997; Rasoloarison et al. 2000). The legend indicates the number of nodes and edges for each input taxonomy, and the number of user-provided input articulations. B) Visualization (reduced containment graph) of the logically consistent alignment corresponding to the input constraints of (A), showing reasoner-inferred non-/congruent concepts and articulations (see legend). One of two consistent alignments (possible worlds) is shown. The monotypic genus-level concept Mirza sec. Groves (2005) and its child Mirza coquereli sec. Groves (2005) are taxonomically congruent under the coverage constraint where parent concepts are circumscribed by the union of their children (Thau and Ludäscher 2007). Each is therefore also congruent with Microcebus coquereli sec. Groves (1993). The two genus-level concepts Microcebus sec. Groves (2005) and Microcebus sec. Groves (1993) are overlapping; they share two congruent subordinate concepts in the alignment, while also including reciprocally unique children. The reasoner infers 44 logically implied articulations to constitute the set of MIRs, given an input of nine articulations (see also Supplementary Materials S1 and S2 available on Dryad).