Table 2.
Characteristics of Latina study participants ages 42–74 who had been seen for primary care at one of four Sea Mar clinics within the previous 5 years, had not had a mammogram in the previous 2 years, and had EMR mammography information (n = 533)
| Characteristic | Individual-level n (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Allocated to clinic-level
intervention |
Allocated to clinic-level
usual care |
Overall | ||||
| Clinic 1 | Clinic 2 | Clinic 3 | Clinic 4 | |||
| N = 125 | N = 85 | N = 151 | N = 175 | N = 536 | ||
| Age | ||||||
| 42–49 years | 54 (43.2) | 45 (52.9) | 79 (52.3) | 90 (51.4) | 268 (50.0) | |
| 50–64 years | 53 (42.4) | 27 (31.8) | 57 (37.7) | 69 (39.4) | 206 (38.4) | |
| 65–74 years | 18 (14.4) | 13 (15.3) | 15 (9.9) | 16 (9.1) | 62 (11.6) | |
| Language | ||||||
| Spanish | 108 (87.1) | 81 (95.3) | 143 (94.7) | 159 (90.9) | 491 (91.8) | |
| English or other | 16 (12.9) | 4 (4.7) | 8 (5.3) | 16 (9.1) | 44 (8.2) | |
| Birthplace | ||||||
| Mexico | 86 (69.9) | 59 (69.4) | 128 (84.8) | 160 (90.9) | 432 (80.9) | |
| United States or other | 37 (30.1) | 26 (30.6) | 23 (15.2) | 16 (9.1) | 102 (19.1) | |
| Education | ||||||
| ≤4th grade | 34 (27.6) | 24 (28.9) | 35 (23.3) | 63 (36.0) | 156 (29.4) | |
| 5th–8th grade | 32 (26.0) | 25 (30.1) | 54 (36.0) | 57 (32.6) | 168 (31.6) | |
| ≥9th grade no high school diploma | 17 (13.8) | 9 (10.8) | 10 (6.7) | 22 (12.6) | 58 (10.9) | |
| High school diploma or GED | 22 (17.9) | 12 (14.5) | 24 (16.0) | 17 (9.7) | 75 (14.1) | |
| At least some college | 18 (14.6) | 13 (15.7) | 27 (18.0) | 16 (9.1) | 74 (13.9) | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married or living with partner | 66 (53.2) | 43 (51.2) | 105 (69.5) | 105 (60.0) | 319 (59.7) | |
| Unmarrieda | 58 (46.8) | 41 (48.8) | 46 (30.5) | 70 (40.0) | 215 (40.3) | |
| Currently employed | ||||||
| Yes | 66 (54.1) | 42 (49.4) | 66 (43.7) | 72 (41.1) | 246 (46.2) | |
| Household income b | ||||||
| <$10,000 | 31 (32.0) | 26 (38.8) | 47 (37.9) | 48 (32.0) | 152 (34.7) | |
| $10,000 to $30,000 | 45 (46.4) | 27 (40.3) | 61 (49.2) | 83 (55.3) | 216 (49.3) | |
| >$30,000 | 21 (21.6) | 14 (20.9) | 16 (12.9) | 19 (12.7) | 70 (16.0) | |
| Time in United States | ||||||
| 0–9 years | 23 (20.0) | 21 (26.3) | 22 (20.2) | 14 (8.6) | 80 (17.2) | |
| 10–19 years | 51 (44.3) | 26 (32.5) | 44 (40.4) | 61 (37.7) | 182 (39.1) | |
| ≥20 years | 41 (35.7) | 33 (41.3) | 43 (39.4) | 87 (53.7) | 204 (43.8) | |
| Health insurance | ||||||
| Medicaid | 3 (2.5) | 4 (4.7) | 1 (0.7) | 9 (5.2) | 17 (3.2) | |
| Medicare | 5 (4.1) | 4 (4.7) | 8 (5.4) | 10 (5.8) | 27 (5.1) | |
| Uninsured | 88 (72.7) | 60 (70.6) | 119 (80.4) | 120 (69.8) | 387 (73.6) | |
| Private | 20 (16.5) | 13 (15.3) | 16 (10.8) | 17 (9.9) | 66 (12.5) | |
| Other government (e.g. Veterans
Administration) |
6 (5.0) | 5 (5.9) | 5 (3.4) | 22 (12.8) | 38 (7.2) | |
| No. clinic visits in past year | ||||||
| 0 | 25 (20.3) | 15 (17.9) | 32 (21.2) | 43 (24.7) | 115 (21.6) | |
| 1 | 26 (21.1) | 22 (26.2) | 33 (21.9) | 34 (19.5) | 115 (21.6) | |
| 2–5 | 52 (42.3) | 29 (34.5) | 64 (42.4) | 71 (40.8) | 216 (40.6) | |
| ≥6 | 20 (16.3) | 18 (21.4) | 22 (14.6) | 26 (14.9) | 86 (16.2) | |
| Breast cancer screening behaviors | ||||||
| Clinic breast exam in past year | 25 (20.3) | 15 (17.6) | 30 (19.9) | 44 (25.1) | 114 (21.3) | |
| Previous mammogram, ever | 103 (83.1) | 58 (69.0) | 94 (63.1) | 139 (79.9) | 394 (74.2) | |
| Ever had mammogram in mobile mammography van |
14 (11.3) | 13 (15.3) | 10 (6.6) | 4 (2.3) | 41 (7.7) | |
| Psychosocial characteristics | ||||||
| Quality of life | ||||||
| Physical component | 49.7 (10.1) | 50.6 (10.4) | 49.8 (10.2) | 49.9 (9.7) | 49.9 (10.0) | |
| Mental component | 51.0 (9.7) | 48.9 (9.7) | 49.0 (10.3) | 50.5 (10.1) | 49.9 (10.0) | |
| Mental health Inventory | 18.4 (4.3) | 17.4 (4.6) | 18.0 (4.4) | 18.4 (4.4) | 18.1 (4.4) | |
| Social norms | ||||||
| Mammogram recommended by
provider |
72 (70.6) | 41 (70.7) | 63 (66.3) | 111 (79.9) | 287 (72.8) | |
| Mammogram recommended by
family/friend |
52 (41.9) | 25 (29.4) | 55 (36.4) | 50 (28.6) | 182 (34.0) | |
| Perceived susceptibility | ||||||
| Highly likely to get breast cancer | 16 (14.3) | 12 (16.7) | 22 (16.8) | 30 (20.1) | 80 (17.2) | |
| Highly or moderately likely to get
breast cancer |
52 (46.4) | 44 (61.1) | 76 (58.0) | 98 (65.8) | 270 (58.2) | |
| More likely than others to get breast
cancer |
10 (8.8) | 10 (13.0) | 18 (13.2) | 11 (7.1) | 49 (10.2) | |
| Cancer worry | ||||||
| Often worry about getting cancer | 26 (21.0) | 14 (16.5) | 25 (16.6) | 24 (13.8) | 89 (16.7) | |
| Interaction with healthcare system | ||||||
| Doctor explained things in a way you
could understand (% usually /always) |
74 (75.5) | 48 (69.6) | 80 (68.4) | 106 (80.9) | 308 (74.2) | |
| Doctor spent enough time with you
(% usually /always) |
78 (79.6) | 57 (82.6) | 83 (69.7) | 107 (82.3) | 325 (78.1) | |
| Needed someone to help
understand doctor (% Yes) |
39 (32.0) | 33 (38.8) | 80 (53.0) | 92 (52.6) | 244 (45.8) | |
| Needed health care, but could not
get it (% Yes) |
27 (21.8) | 20 (23.5) | 24 (15.9) | 31 (17.7) | 102 (19.1) | |
| Perceived discrimination | ||||||
| Treated badly/unfairly because of
race/ethnicity (% Often) |
12 (9.7) | 5 (6.0) | 6 (4.0) | 6 (3.4) | 29 (5.4) | |
| Would have received better care if
different race/ethnicity (% Yes) |
26 (21.3) | 19 (22.9) | 38 (25.9) | 30 (17.6) | 113 (21.6) | |
a
Includes never married, widowed, divorced, or separated.
b
A total of 97 responses were missing (27 in Clinic 1, 18 in Clinic 2, 27 in Clinic 3, and 25 in Clinic 4).