Table 1.
Study Validity Assessment Items and Ratings
| Validity Items | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||
| Study | Item 1 | Item 2 | Item 3 | Item 4 | Item 5 | Item 6 | Item 7 | Item 8 | Item 9 | Item 10 | Item 11 | Item 12* | Total |
| Fertig et al. (1986)-a [31] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Fertig et al. (1986)-b [31] Jamner | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| et al. (1998)-a, b, c, d [45] Jarvik | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| et al. (1989) [46] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Kanarek & Carrington (2004) [47] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Lane et al. (1995) [48] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Nastase et al. (2007)-a, b [57] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Nesbitt (1973) [58] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Pauli et al. (1993) [63] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| Perkins et al. (1994)-a, b [64] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
| Perkins et al. (1994)-c, d [64] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
| Perkins et al. (1994)-e, f [64] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
| Pomerleau et al. (1984) [66] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Shiffman & Jarvik (1984) [71] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Silverstein (1982) [73] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Unrod et al. (2004) [78] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 |
Notes. Item 1: Were subjects randomly allocated to groups (in a within-subjects design, were subjects randomly allocated an order in which treatments were received)?; Item 2: Was allocation of participants to groups concealed?; Item 3: Was there a description of all participants who did not complete study measures?; Item 4: Were study objectives defined clearly?; Item 5: Were the outcome measures defined clearly?; Item 6: Was there a clear description of the inclusion and exclusion criteria?; Item 7: Was the sample size justified (e.g., power calculation)?; Item 8: Was there a clear description of the interventions (i.e., pain procedure and nicotine administration procedure)?; Item 9: Was there at least one control (comparison) group?; Item 10: Were relevant participant characteristics described?; Item 11: Were complete outcome data reported (i.e., point measures and measures of variability)?; Item 12: Were outcome data reported selectively?; No = “0”; Yes = “1”;
Item 12 was reverse-scored.