Table 2.
Study Sample | N (% Female) | Design | Pain Stimulus | Threshold Comparison | Tolerance Comparison |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fertig et al. (1986)-a [31] Fertig et al. (1986)-b [31] |
10sm (0) 15e-sm (0) |
Within | Cold Pressor | Smoke + Snuff vs. Zero-Nic Cig + Sham1,2 Snuff vs. Zero-Nic Snuff |
Smoke + Snuff vs. Zero-Nic Cig + Sham1,2 Snuff vs. Zero-Nic Snuff |
| |||||
Jamner et al. (1998)-a [45] Jamner et al. (1998)-b [45] Jamner et al. (1998)-c [45] Jamner et al. (1998)-d [45] |
21sm (0) 17sm (0) 23n-sm (0) 13sm (0) |
Within | Heat | Nic Patch vs. Zero-Nic Patch | Nic. Patch vs. Zero-Nic Patch |
| |||||
Jarvik et al. (1989) [46] | 15sm (27) | Within | Cold Pressor | No Data Reported | Smoke vs. Deprived |
| |||||
Kanarek & Carrington (2004) [47] | 49sm (51) | Within | Cold Pressor | Smoke vs. No Smoke | Smoke vs. No Smoke |
| |||||
Lane et al. (1995) [48] | 18sm (49) | Within | Heat | Smoke vs. Abstinence | Smoke vs. Abstinence |
| |||||
Nastase et al. (2007)-a [57] Nastase et al. (2007)-b [57] |
11sm (100) 12sm (0) |
Within | Cold Pressor | Smoke vs. No Smoke | Smoke vs. No Smoke |
| |||||
Nesbitt (1973) [58] | 30sm (0) | Within | Electrical | Not Tested | Smoke vs. Sham1 |
| |||||
Pauli et al. (1993) [63] | 9sm (0) | Within | Heat | Pre-Post Smoking | Not Tested |
| |||||
Perkins et al. (1994)-a [64] Perkins et al. (1994)-b [64] |
10sm (0) 10n-sm (0) |
Between | Heat | Pre-Post Nic Spray | Not Tested |
Perkins et al. (1994)-c [64] Perkins et al. (1994)-d [64] |
12sm (50) 12n-sm (50) |
Between | Heat | Nic vs. Zero Nic Spray (pre-post) | Not Tested |
Perkins et al. (1994)-e [64] Perkins et al. (1994)-f [64] |
18sm (50) 18n-sm (50) |
Between | Heat | Nic vs. Zero Nic Spray (pre-post) | Not Tested |
| |||||
Pomerleau et al. (1984) [66] | 5sm (0) | Within | Cold Pressor | Smoke vs. Zero Nic Cig | Smoke vs. Placebo |
| |||||
Shiffman & Jarvik (1984) [71] | 10sm (80) | Within | Electrical | Smoke vs. Sham1 | Not Tested |
| |||||
Silverstein (1982) [73] | 20sm (0) | Between | Electrical | Smoke vs. No Smoke | Smoke vs. No Smoke |
| |||||
Unrod et al. (2004) [78] | 80sm (50) | Between | Cold Pressor | Smoke vs. No Smoke | Smoke vs. No Smoke |
Notes. Sham = simulated smoking using an unlit cigarette;
data within each condition was collapsed across both manipulations. Between = between-subjects design; Cig = cigarette; e-sm = ex-smoker; Nic. = Nicotine; n-sm = non-smoker; sm = smoker; Within = within-subjects design.