Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for predictor and outcome variables (n = 93).
| Variable | Category/Scale | Mean | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariates | |||||
| WJ-III Oral Comprehension | |||||
| Raw Score | 0–34 | 18.33 | 4.32 | −0.19 | −0.51 |
| T-Score | 94.80 | 14.19 | −0.30 | −0.11 | |
| CTOPP Elision | |||||
| Raw Score | 0–20 | 13.08 | 4.81 | −0.24 | −1.38 |
| Scaled Score | 8.43 | 3.11 | 0.04 | −1.12 | |
| Behavioral Rating Scales | |||||
| BRIEF-T Working Memory | |||||
| Raw Score | 10–30 | 17.50 | 6.13 | 0.36 | −0.94 |
| T-Score | 65.08 | 17.13 | 0.26 | −1.03 | |
| BRIEF-T Plan/Organize | |||||
| Raw Score | 10–30 | 18.22 | 6.13 | 0.18 | −1.12 |
| T-Score | 63.95 | 15.52 | 0.16 | −1.09 | |
| BRIEF-T Inhibit | |||||
| Raw Score | 10–30 | 16.20 | 6.28 | 0.73 | −0.66 |
| T-Score | 63.39 | 20.18 | 1.05 | 0.23 | |
| BRIEF-T Shift | |||||
| Raw Score | 10–30 | 15.71 | 5.63 | 0.87 | 0.14 |
| T-Score | 63.44 | 18.61 | 0.93 | 0.54 | |
| Cognitive Measures | |||||
| WMBT-C Listening Recall | |||||
| Total Raw Score | 0–36 | 13.46 | 3.99 | 0.36 | 0.94 |
| Standard Score | 101.71 | 19.80 | −0.23 | −0.25 | |
| Tower of London | |||||
| Total Raw Score | 0–26 | 17.30 | 3.48 | −0.78 | 1.54 |
| DKEFS CWIT Inhibition | |||||
| Total Time | 0–180 | 69.07 | 19.98 | 0.68 | 0.28 |
| Scaled Score | 10.72 | 2.70 | −0.76 | 0.32 | |
| DKEFS TMT Number-Letter Switching | |||||
| Total Time | 0–240 | 143.70 | 55.14 | 0.30 | −0.98 |
| Scaled Score | 7.29 | 4.08 | −0.22 | −1.14 | |
| Outcome Measures | |||||
| Gates-MacGinitie Reading Comprehension | |||||
| Raw Score | 0–48 | 27.34 | 10.01 | 0.04 | −1.17 |
| Standard Score | 96.26 | 12.90 | 0.11 | −0.12 | |
| WJ-III Math Calculations | |||||
| Raw Score | 0–45 | 20.59 | 3.78 | −0.07 | 0.44 |
| Standard Score | 106.01 | 12.79 | −0.15 | −0.29 | |
Note. BRIEF-T = Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Teacher Form; CTOPP = Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing; CWIT = Color Word Interference Test; DKEFS = Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System; SD = standard deviation; TMT = Trail Making Test; WJ-III = Woodcock–Johnson III; WMBT-C = Working Memory Test Battery for Children.