Table 5.
Aim 2: Regression statistics for each EF process and reading comprehension.
| Predictor | b | SE(b) | β | t | p | sr 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate Model | ||||||
| Intercept | 41.61 | 12.12 | 0.00 | 3.43 | <.001 | |
| Age | −3.42 | 0.98 | −0.25 | −3.49 | <.001 | .06 |
| WJ-III Oral Comp | 0.72 | 0.18 | 0.31 | 4.01 | <.001 | .07 |
| CTOPP Elision | 0.73 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 4.69 | <.001 | .10 |
| Special Education | −5.55 | 3.13 | −0.13 | −1.77 | .08 | .01 |
| Gifted/Talented | 8.44 | 2.65 | 0.24 | 3.19 | <.001 | .05 |
| Total Model R2 = .60, F(5, 87) = 26.34, p < .001 | ||||||
| Working Memory | ||||||
| Intercept | 52.28 | 11.48 | 0.00 | 4.55 | <.001 | |
| Age | −3.43 | 0.91 | −0.25 | −3.78 | <.001 | .06 |
| WJ-III Oral Comp | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 1.89 | .063 | .01 |
| CTOPP Elision | 0.52 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 3.45 | .001 | .05 |
| Special Education | −3.78 | 2.94 | −0.09 | −1.29 | .202 | .01 |
| Gifted/Talented | 5.96 | 2.56 | 0.17 | 2.33 | .022 | .02 |
| BRIEF-T WM | −0.45 | 0.12 | −0.28 | −3.84 | <.001 | .06 |
| WMTB-C | 0.47 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 2.16 | .034 | .02 |
| Total Model R2 = .67, F(7, 85) = 24.66, p < .001 | ||||||
| R2Δ = .07, F(2, 85) = 8.74, p < .001 | ||||||
| Planning | ||||||
| Intercept | 41.41 | 12.07 | 0.00 | 3.43 | .001 | |
| Age | −2.99 | 0.95 | −0.22 | −3.17 | .002 | .04 |
| WJ-III Oral Comp | 0.64 | 0.17 | 0.28 | 3.71 | <.001 | .06 |
| CTOPP Elision | 0.56 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 3.59 | .001 | .05 |
| Special Education | −3.59 | 3.05 | −0.08 | −1.18 | .243 | .01 |
| Gifted/Talented | 7.21 | 2.56 | 0.20 | 2.82 | .006 | .03 |
| BRIEF-T Plan/Organize | −0.34 | 0.12 | −0.21 | −2.85 | .006 | .03 |
| TOL | 0.31 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 1.55 | .125 | .01 |
| Total Model R2 = .65, F(7, 85) = 22.24, p < .001 | ||||||
| R2Δ = .05, F(2, 85) = 5.37, p = .006 | ||||||
| Inhibition | ||||||
| Intercept | 55.38 | 12.52 | 0.00 | 4.42 | <.001 | |
| Age | −3.64 | 0.95 | −0.26 | −3.85 | <.001 | .06 |
| WJ-III Oral Comp | 0.71 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 4.11 | <.001 | .07 |
| CTOPP Elision | 0.59 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 3.81 | <.001 | .06 |
| Special Education | −4.37 | 3.03 | −0.10 | −1.44 | .153 | .01 |
| Gifted/Talented | 6.94 | 2.60 | 0.20 | 2.67 | .009 | .03 |
| BRIEF-T Inhibit | −0.23 | 0.11 | −0.15 | −2.08 | .041 | .02 |
| DKEFS CWIT | −0.07 | 0.04 | −0.14 | −1.97 | .052 | .02 |
| Total Model R2 = .64, F(7, 85) = 21.88, p < .001 | ||||||
| R2Δ = .04, F(2, 85) = 4.87, p = .01 | ||||||
| Shifting | ||||||
| Intercept | 50.60 | 12.12 | 0.00 | 4.17 | <.001 | |
| Age | −3.33 | 0.94 | −0.24 | −3.54 | .001 | .05 |
| WJ-III Oral Comp | 0.71 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 4.15 | <.001 | .07 |
| CTOPP Elision | 0.51 | 0.17 | 0.25 | 3.08 | .003 | .04 |
| Special Education | −3.75 | 3.06 | −0.08 | −1.22 | .224 | .01 |
| Gifted/Talented | 8.01 | 2.55 | 0.23 | 3.14 | .002 | .04 |
| BRIEF-T Shift | −0.41 | 0.13 | −0.23 | −3.07 | .003 | .04 |
| DKEFS TMT | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.03 | −0.40 | .693 | <.01 |
| Total Model R2 = .64, F(7, 85) = 21.91, p < .001 | ||||||
| R2Δ = .04, F(2, 85) = 4.90, p = .01 | ||||||
Note. b = parameter estimate; BRIEF-T = Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Teacher Form; β = standardized estimate; CTOPP = Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing; CWIT = Color Word Interference Test; DKEFS = Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; SE(b) = standard error of parameter estimate; sr2 = squared semi-partial correlation; TMT = Trail Making Test; TOL = Tower of London; WJ-III Oral Comp = Woodcock–Johnson III Oral Comprehension; WM = working memory; WMBT-C = Working Memory Test Battery for Children. R2Δ accounts for the addition of EF variables as a whole to the model with covariates alone.