Table 1.

Demographic factors, HIV disease characteristics, neurocognitive function, and VACS Index by study group

Term	NH whites (W), n = 369	NH blacks (B), n = 111	Hispanics (H), n = 194	Group comparisons
				p valuea	Pairwiseb
Demographic factors
Age, M (SD); range	43.08 (9.64); 20–76	39.71 (8.52); 18–63	37.84 (9.51); 20–66	<0.001	W > B, W > H
Education, M (SD); range	13.85 (2.52); 6–20	12.66 (2.00); 7–20	11.36 (3.36); 4–20	<0.001	W > B > H
Male gender	91 %	79 %	79 %	<0.001	W > B, W > H
HIV disease characteristics
Nadir CD4	140 (26, 300)	159 (10, 300)	88 (18, 264)	0.39
Current CD4 count (cells/mm3)	388 (184, 585)	349 (163, 536)	339 (161, 547)	0.39
ART prescribed	60 %	72 %	68 %	0.02	W < B
Detectable plasma RNA	59 %	59 %	56 %	0.68
AIDS	64 %	61 %	64 %	0.87
EDI (years)	10 (4, 14)c	7 (2, 13)d	6 (2, 11)e	<0.001	W > B, W > H
Neurocognitive performance (SS), M (SD)
Global	9.36 (2.14)	8.04 (2.13)	8.81 (2.04)	<0.001	W > H > B
Learning	8.49 (2.71)	7.10 (2.58)	8.53 (2.65)	<0.001	W > B, H > B
Recall	8.53 (3.13)	7.01 (2.84)	8.69 (2.92)	<0.001	W > B, H > B
Verbal fluency	10.28 (2.53)	9.64 (2.53)	9.60 (2.55)	<0.01	W > H
Speed of information	9.96 (2.56)	8.43 (2.61)	9.02 (2.69)	<0.001	W > B, W > H
Executive function	9.79 (2.72)	8.40 (2.71)	8.56 (2.64)	<0.001	W > B, W > H
Working memory	9.75 (2.69)	7.95 (2.76)	8.06 (2.55)	<0.001	W > B, W > H
Fine motor skills	8.64 (2.75)	7.84 (2.94)	9.31 (2.96)	<0.001	H > W > B
VACS Index	18 (10, 33)	23 (10, 45)	17 (7, 34)	0.02	B > W, B > H

Values represent median (IQR) unless otherwise noted

ART antiretroviral therapy, EDI estimated duration of infection, NH non-Hispanic, VACS Veterans Aging Cohort Study

^aResults from analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and chi-squared tests

^bIndicates significant group differences (p < 0.05) based on results from follow-up pairwise comparisons with Tukey’s correction and chi-squared tests

^cForty-two missing

^dThirteen missing

^eTwenty-seven missing