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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 18.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Feb 14;49(2):140–163. doi: 10.3109/10409238.2014.884535

Figure 3.

Figure 3

O-GlcNAc levels regulate ESC characteristics and mesoderm differentiation. Complete OGT gene knockout is embryonic lethal, but studies in cell culture or the Cre-recombinase system enables O-GlcNAc investigation during differentiation and development. O-GlcNAc appears to influence ESC self-renewal that directly correlates with modulation of several embryonic transcription factors, including Oct4 and Sox2. The cycling enzymes OGT and OGA also interact with the chromatin remodeling and preinitiation complexes to control ESC pluripotency. Mesodermal cell fate is also regulated in response to O-GlcNAc levels, specifically affecting adipocyte, muscle, chondrocyte and bone differentiation. Blue font indicates reduced O-GlcNAc levels; red font indicates elevated O-GlcNAc levels; green font represents currently unknown O-GlcNAc affects. (see colour version of this figure at www.informahealthcare.com/bmg).