Table 2.
Characteristics of studies reporting extragenital infections due to N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis among men who have sex with men.
| Author | Study year | Location | Setting | Time period | Risk | Sample | Gonorrhea | Chlamydia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urogenital | Rectal | Pharyngeal | Urogenital | Rectal | Pharyngeal | |||||||
| McMillan et al. [73] | 1981 | United Kingdom | STD clinic | 1981 | MSM | 150 | — | — | — | 6.70% | 4.00% | 1.30% |
| Rompalo et al. [83] | 1986 | Washington (US) | STD clinic | 1983 | MSM | 1,429 | — | 8.00% | — | — | 5.00% | — |
| Ostergaard et al. [38] | 1997 | Denmark | STD clinic | 1995-1996 | MSM | 39 | — | — | — | 2.60% | 2.60% | 0.00% |
| Tabet et al. [87] | 1998 | Washington (US) | Community | 1995 | MSM | 578 | 0.00% | 0.20% | 0.70% | 0.00% | — | — |
| Kim et al. [69] | 2003 | California (US) | STD clinic | 2000 | MSM (HIV+) | 564 | — | 7.10% | — | — | — | — |
| Manavi et al. [72] | 2004 | United Kingdom | Genitourinary clinic | 1999–2002 | MSM | 443 | — | — | — | — | 7.20% | — |
| Kent et al. [68] | 2005 | California (US) | STD clinic, gay men's health center | 2003 | MSM | 6,434 | 6.00% | 6.90% | 9.20% | 5.20% | 7.90% | 1.40% |
| Currie et al. [60] | 2006 | Australia | Sexual health clinic | 2001–2003 | MSM | 314 | 6.8% (Did not specify site) | 9.6% (did not specify site) | ||||
| Hocking and Fairley [65] | 2006 | Australia | STD clinic | 2002-2003 | MSM | 1,248 | — | — | — | 5.10% | 6.20% | 1.30% |
| Morris et al. [76] | 2006 | California (US) | Community | 2001–2003 | MSM | 2,475 | — | — | 5.50% | — | — | — |
| Benn et al. [58] | 2007 | United Kingdom | Genitourinary clinic | 1999–2001 | MSM | 613 | 7.20% | 7.30% | 7.30% | 4.30% | 6.50% | 1.20% |
| Alexander et al. [54] | 2008 | United Kingdom | Genitourinary clinic | 2005–2007 | MSM | 272 | — | 14.90% | 6.50% | — | 13.60% | — |
| Gunn et al. [64] | 2008 | California (US) | STD clinic | 1997–2003 | MSM | 7,333 | 10.80% | 9.80% | 4.00% | — | — | — |
| Lister et al. [71] | 2008 | Australia | Sexual health clinic | 2002-2003 | MSM | 366 | — | 5.00% | — | — | 7.00% | — |
| Mimiaga et al. [74] | 2008 | Massachusetts (US) | Gay men's health center | 2007 | MSM | 114 | 1.00% | 1.70% | 0.00% | 2.60% | 6.10% | — |
| Rieg et al. [82] | 2008 | California (US) | HIV clinic | 2004–2006 | MSM (HIV+) | 212 | 1.50% | 4.30% | 3.30% | 1.50% | 2.90% | 1.40% |
| Templeton et al. [89] | 2008 | Australia | Community | 2003 | MSM | 1,427 | — | — | — | — | — | 1.10% |
| Annan et al. [55] | 2009 | United Kingdom | HIV/genitourinary clinic | 2005-2006 | MSM | 3,076 | — | 4.10% | 1.30% | 5.40% | 8.20% | — |
| Baker et al. [56] | 2009 | Washington DC (US) | Outpatient clinic | 2006-2007 | MSM | 147 | 0.00% | 1.40% | 2.80% | 0.00% | 2.10% | 0.70% |
| Dang et al. [61] | 2009 | Switzerland | HIV clinic | 2007-2008 | MSM (HIV+) | 147 | — | — | — | — | 10.90% | — |
| Klausner et al. [70] | 2009 | US (5 cities) | Outpatient clinic | 2007-2008 | MSM | 3,410/14,189 | — | 5.40% | 5.30% | — | 8.90% | 1.60% |
| Mimiaga et al. [75] | 2009 | Massachusetts (US) | Gay men's health center | 2003-2004 | MSM | 21,927 | 13.40% | 8.80% | 1.90% | 5.70% | — | — |
| Ota et al. [77] | 2009 | Canada | Gay men's health center | 2006–2008 | MSM | 248 | — | 11.70% | 8.10% | — | 7.70% | 2.00% |
| van der Helm [49] | 2009 | Netherlands | STD clinic | 2006-2007 | MSM | 1,458 | — | 7.00% | — | — | 11.00% | — |
| Templeton et al. [90] | 2010 | Australia | Community | 2003 | MSM | 1,427 | — | — | 0.60% | — | — | — |
| Marcus et al. [172] | 2011 | California (US) | STD clinic | 2008-2009 | MSM | 3,398 | 0.40% | 3.60% | 5.00% | 2.30% | 7.80% | 1.90% |
| Peters et al. [39] | 2011 | Netherlands | STD clinic | 2007-2008 | MSM | 1,455 | 2.80% | 6.00% | 4.20% | 4.00% | 8.20% | 1.50% |
| Soni and White [86] | 2011 | United Kingdom | HIV clinic | 2009-2010 | MSM (HIV+) | 634 | 1.30% | 4.20% | 3.90% | 2.60% | 9.80% | 1.70% |
| Vodstrcil et al. [93] | 2011 | Australia | Sexual health clinic | 2002–2009 | MSM | 8,328/7,133 | — | 3.10% | 1.80% | 3.70% | 5.40% | — |
| Koedijk et al. [22] | 2012 | Netherlands | STD clinic | 2006–2010 | MSM | 69,506 | 3.40% | 5.50% | 3.90% | 4.30% | 10.10% | 1.70% |
| Mayer et al. [36] | 2012 | US (4 cities) | HIV clinic | 2004–2006 | MSM (HIV+) | 365 | 0.00% | 2.00% | 3.00% | 2.00% | 7.00% | 1.00% |
| Park et al. [78] | 2012 | California (US) | HIV/STD clinic, gay men's health center | 2010 | MSM | 12,454 | — | — | 5.80% | — | — | 1.70% |
| Pinsky et al. [81] | 2012 | New York (US) | University health center | 2007–2010 | MSM | 200 | — | 0.50% | 3.50% | — | 3.00% | 0.50% |
| Diaz et al. [26] | 2013 | Spain | STD clinic | 2006–2010 | MSM | 1,320 | 58.30% | 21.10% | 5.20% | — | — | — |
| Jiménez et al. [66] | 2013 | Spain | HIV clinic | 2011-2012 | MSM (HIV+) | 264 | — | — | 9.50% | — | — | — |
| Sexton et al. [85] | 2013 | Washington DC (US) | Primary care clinic, HIV/STD clinic | 2009–2011 | MSM | 374 | — | 8.00% | 9.30% | — | 12.70% | 1.30% |
| Turner et al. [92] | 2013 | Ohio (US) | STD clinic | 2010-2011 | MSM | 125 | — | 24.00% | — | — | 23.00% | — |
| Barbee et al. [57] | 2014 | Washington (US) | STD clinic | 2011 | MSM | 3,034 | 5.50% | 9.70% | 6.50% | 4.40% | 11.90% | 2.30% |
| Dudareva-Vizule et al. [62] | 2014 | Germany | STD clinic | 2009-2010 | MSM | 2,247 | 1.90% | 4.60% | 5.50% | 3.40% | 8.00% | 1.50% |
| Gratrix et al. [63] | 2014 | Canada | STD clinic | 2012 | MSM | 972 | 2.40% | 5.90% | — | 4.30% | 14.10% | — |
| Keaveney et al. [67] | 2014 | Ireland | HIV clinic | 2012 | MSM (HIV+) | 121 | 0.00% | 4.10% | 3.30% | 1.70% | 6.60% | 0.80% |
| Patton et al. [79] | 2014 | US (42 sites) | STD clinic | 2011-2012 | MSM | 21,994 | 11.10% | 10.20% | 7.90% | 8.40% | 14.10% | 2.90% |
| Sanders et al. [84] | 2014 | Kenya | Medical clinic | 2011 | MSM | 244 | 1.60% | 5.70% | — | 6.10% | 8.10% | — |
| van Liere et al. [47] | 2014 | Netherlands | STD clinic | 2010–2012 | MSM | 2,436 | 1.50% | 3.70% | 3.40% | 3.30% | 7.90% | 1.10% |
| Chow et al. [59] | 2015 | Australia | Sexual health clinic | 2007–2013 | MSM | 12,873 | 2.30% | 2.90% | 1.70% | 3.00% | 5.60% | — |
| Danby et al. [25] | 2016 | Pennsylvania (US) | STD clinic | 2014-2015 | MSM | 224 | 5.40% | 11.60% | 16.50% | 4.50% | 17.40% | 2.20% |
| Dukers-Muijrers et al. [19] | 2015 | Netherlands | STD clinic | 2010–2013 | MSM | 2,349 | 1.40% | 4.00% | 3.40% | 3.20% | 7.30% | 0.70% |
| Garner et al. [27] | 2015 | United Kingdom | Sexual health clinic | 2010 | MSM | 365 | 4.70% | 9.00% | 5.20% | 5.30% | 6.50% | 2.20% |
| Taylor et al. [88] | 2015 | Arizona (US) | HIV clinic | 2011–2013 | MSM | 1,591 | — | 19.60% | — | — | 18.60% | — |
| Tongtoyai et al. [91] | 2015 | Thailand | Medical clinic | 2006–2010 | MSM | 1,744 | 1.80% | 6.10% | 0.50% | 4.50% | 9.50% | 3.60% |
| Trebach et al. [44] | 2015 | Maryland (US) | STD clinic | 2011–2013 | MSM | 769 | 8.90% | 17.90% | 11.00% | 1.50% | 14.30% | 2.50% |
| Van Liere et al. [167] | 2015 | Netherlands | STD clinic | 2011-2012 | MSM | 9,549 | — | 4.20% | — | — | 9.80% | — |
| van Liere et al. [45] | 2013 | Netherlands | STD clinic | 2010-2011 | MSM | 926 | — | 3.46% | — | — | 7.88% | — |
| Bachmann et al. [52] | 2010 | US | STD clinic, HIV clinic | 2003–2007 | MSM | 297 | 5.10% | 7.90% | 8.30% | 2.00% | 10.30% | 1.70% |
Note. STD: sexually transmitted diseases; US: United States; MSM: men who have sex with men.