| Differences in asthma control scores between levels of categorical variables of interest | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | ||||||
| Categorical variables | Mean (SD) |
T- or F- value |
Mean (SD) | T- or F- value |
Mean (SD) | T- or F- value |
Mean (SD) | T- or F- value |
|
| Child’s gender | |||||||||
| Female | 16.54 (18.58) |
−0.23 | 15.00 (16.92) |
−0.39 | 15.35 (17.55) |
−0.02 | 13.75 (16.24) |
−0.05 | |
| Male | 17.13 (18.78) |
16.02 (18.47) |
15.43 (20.18) |
13.89 (16.74) |
|||||
| Child’s race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 14.05 (15.97) |
12.96 (13.05) |
12.54 (16.69) |
13.91 (14.90) |
|||||
| Black | 21.34 (21.03) |
1.98 | 18.13 (20.52) |
0.91 | 20.11 (20.21) |
1.44 | 13.62 (17.90) |
0.01 | |
| Hispanic | 15.75 (18.66) |
16.42 (20.88) |
14.89 (19.70) |
14.10 (15.64) |
|||||
| Other | 20.00 (20.93) |
16.76 (16.20) |
13.53 (20.67) |
13.53 (20.29) |
|||||
| Education | |||||||||
| High school or below | 19.79 (18.91) |
−1.63 | 12.89 (13.06) |
1.52 | 16.76 (16.27) |
−0.69 | 13.53 (14.74) |
0.03 | |
| College degree or above | 15.38 (18.36) |
16.56 (19.37) |
14.55 (19.96) |
13.62 (16.68) |
|||||
| Parent’s marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 14.87 (17.11) |
−1.66 | 14.65 (16.59) |
−0.76 | 13.62 (18.77) |
−1.27 | 12.96 (15.75) |
−0.68 | |
| Others | 19.05 (20.05) |
16.61 (19.05) |
17.37 (19.27) |
14.74 (17.26) |
|||||
| Smoking status at home | |||||||||
| No | 19.23 (18.23) |
23.79 (23.49) |
15.86 (18.23) |
15.19 (18.25) |
|||||
| Yes | 16.37 (18.76) |
0.87 | 13.85 (15.88) |
2.32* | 15.29 (19.27) |
0.15 | 13.56 (16.16) |
0.46 | |
| Correlation of asthma control scores with other continuous variables of interest | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |
| Continuous variables | Correlation coefficient | Correlation coefficient | Correlation coefficient | Correlation coefficient |
| Child’s age in years | 0.04 | −0.06 | −0.10 | −0.15 |
| Number of chronic conditions | 0.14* | 0.14 | 0.26*** | 0.13 |
| Parent’s age in years | −0.06 | 0.00 | −0.08 | −0.09 |
| Nighttime sleep qualitya | 0.51*** | 0.50*** | 0.45*** | 0.51*** |
| Daytime sleepinessa | 0.29*** | 0.12 | −0.03 | 0.20** |
| Asthma-specific HRQOLa | 0.41*** | 0.37*** | 0.38*** | 0.30*** |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; HRQOL, health-related quality of life.
a
Higher scores indicate worse asthma control, worse nighttime sleep quality, greater daytime sleepiness and worse asthma-specific HRQOL.
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0.001.