Table 4.
Burden of helminth infection according to the risk factors among donkeys (Equus asinus) in northeastern Nigeria.
| Risk factors (n) | % distribution of helminths based on species | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongyle a | Parascaris equorum | Oxyuris equi | Strongyle + P. equorum | Strongyle + O. equi | Strongyle + P. equorum + O. equi | |
| Age | ||||||
| Young (<12 mo) (103) | 47 (45.6) | 14 (13.6) | 8 (7.8) | 22 (21.4) | 4 (3.9) | 8 (7.8) |
| Adult (>1 yr) (407) | 197 (47.4) | 62 (14.9) | 17 (4.1) | 80 (19.2) | 26 (6.3) | 25 (6.0) |
| Old (>6 yrs) (80) | 38 (46.9) | 12 (14.8) | 7 (8.6) | 13 (16.0) | 4 (4.9) | 6 (7.4) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male (357) | 172 (47.3) | 56 (15.4) | 16 (4.4) | 68 (18.7) | 21 (5.8) | 24 (6.6) |
| Female (233) | 110 (46.6) | 32 (13.6) | 16 (6.8) | 47 (9.9) | 13 (5.5) | 15 (6.4) |
| BCS b | ||||||
| Thin (355) | 161 (45.4) | 59 (16.6) | 17 (4.8) | 75 (21.1) | 20 (5.6) | 23 (6.5) |
| Medium (150) | 78 (52.0) | 19 (12.7) | 9 (6.0) | 25 (16.7) | 9 (6.0) | 10 (6.7) |
| Fat (85) | 43 (45.3) | 10 (10.5) | 6 (6.3) | 15 (15.8) | 5 (5.3) | 6 (6.3) |
| Settlement | ||||||
| Urban (110) | 52 (43.3) | 14 (11.7) | 8 (6.7) | 23 (19.2) | 6 (5.0) | 7 (5.8) |
| Rural (480) | 230 (47.9) | 74 (15.4) | 24 (5.0) | 92 (19.2) | 28 (5.8) | 32 (6.7) |
| Season | ||||||
| Rainy (298) | 147 (49.0) | 41 (13.7) | 14 (4.7) | 50 (16.7) | 18 (6.0) | 28 (9.3) |
| Dry (292) | 135 (45.0) | 47 (15.7) | 18 (6.0) | 65 (21.7) | 16 (5.3) | 11 (3.7) |
| Anthelminthic history | ||||||
| Dewormed (21) | 12 (38.7) | 4 (12.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (9.7) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Not dewormed (569) | 270 (47.5) | 84 (14.8) | 32 (5.6) | 112 (19.7) | 32 (5.6) | 39 (6.9) |
| Management system b | ||||||
| Poor (517) | 245 (47.4) | 73 (14.1) | 25 (4.8) | 107 (20.7) | 31 (6.0) | 36 (7.0) |
| Moderate (52) | 25 (48.1) | 11 (21.2) | 7 (13.5) | 5 (9.6) | 1 (1.9) | 3 (5.8) |
| Good (21) | 12 (38.7) | 4 (12.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (9.7) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) |
aStatistically significant at p < 0.05.
bBCS: body condition score.