Table 1.
Preoperative patient characteristics of the whole series according to the occurrence of postoperative AKI
| Variables | Whole series N = 457 |
No AKI N = 390 (85%) |
AKI patients N = 67 (15%) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 60.5 ± 13.4 | 60 ± 14 | 64 ± 10 | 0.027 |
| Gender, male | 379 (83) | 319 (82) | 60 (90) | 0.119 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26 ± 11 | 25.4 ± 4.5 | 29.6 ± 28.4 | 0.011 |
| ASA class ≥ III | 125 (27) | 101 (26) | 24 (36) | 0.092 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 35 (8) | 26 (7) | 9 (13) | 0.054 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 31 (7) | 22 (6) | 9 (13) | 0.019 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 75 (16) | 65 (17) | 10 (15) | 0.722 |
| Chronic kidney injury | 70 (15) | 52 (13) | 18 (27) | 0.005 |
| Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 57 (13) | 49 (13) | 8 (12) | 0.887 |
| Underlying liver disease | ||||
| Viral hepatitis | 219 (48) | 185 (47) | 34 (51) | 0.440 |
| Alcohol | 71 (16) | 59 (15) | 12 (18) | |
| Hemochromatosis | 23 (5) | 18 (5) | 5 (7.5) | |
| Metabolic syndrome | 34 (7) | 32 (8) | 2 (3) | |
| Autoimmune | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (1.5) | |
| Healthy liver | 107 (23) | 94 (24) | 13 (19) | |
| Cirrhosis | 206 (45) | 171 (44) | 35 (52) | 0.202 |
| Portal hypertension | 114 (25) | 98 (25) | 16 (24) | 0.827 |
| MELD score | 8.5 ± 2.6 | 8.4 ± 2.5 | 9.3 ± 3.2 | 0.013 |
| BCLC stage A vs B or C | 274 (60)/183 (40) | 240 (60)/150 (40) | 34 (51)/33 (49) | 0.160 |
| Liver and kidney function tests | ||||
| Platelet count (×103/mm3) | 209 ± 117 | 207 ± 113 | 219 ± 143 | 0.447 |
| Bilirubin (μmol/l) | 14 ± 10 | 13 ± 8 | 19 ± 18 | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/l) | 63 ± 61 | 61 ± 59 | 72 ± 73 | 0.198 |
| Prothrombin time (% of normal) | 87 ± 13 | 87 ± 13 | 87 ± 14 | 0.772 |
| Albumin (g/l) | 40.6 ± 5.8 | 40.6 ± 6.1 | 40.7 ± 4.6 | 0.941 |
| Baseline serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 89 ± 29 | 87 ± 25 | 96 ± 45 | 0.018 |
| Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 85 ± 31 | 86 ± 29 | 83 ± 39 | 0.502 |
Footnotes: AKI, acute kidney injury; SD, standard deviation; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.
No AKI includes patients without any occurrence of KDIGO criteria.
Categorical variables are presented as numbers (percentages) and continuous variables are expressed as the means ± standard deviation.