Table 2.
Cox regression analysis of factors associated with treatment failure
| Baseline characteristic | Crude HR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.00 | |||
| Male | 0.95 (0.63–1.45) | 0.930 | ||
| Age per 5-year increase | 0.88 (0.78–1.00) | 0.052 | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) | 0.034 |
| Viral load | ||||
| <5 log10 copies/ml | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ 5 log10 copies/ml | 1.51 (0.89–2.57) | 0.128 | 2.29 (1.29–4.04) | 0.004 |
| WHO stage | ||||
| 1 and 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 3 and 4 | 2.63 (1.07–6.47) | 0.035 | 0.84 (0.28–2.48) | 0.759 |
| CD4 count per 50 cells/µl increase | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 0.26 | ||
| Baseline BMI | 0.99 (0.945–1.04) | 0.822 | ||
| ART regimen | ||||
| Efavirenz-baseda | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Evirapine-baseda | 2.41 (1.40–4.16) | 0.002 | 3.02 (1.66–5.44) | <0.001 |
| Time-varying characteristics | ||||
| Mean adherenceb (%) | ||||
| ≤ 95% | 1.00 | |||
| > 95% | 0.11 (0.05–0.24) | <0.001 | 0.04 (0.02–0.11) | <0.001 |
| CD4 count per 50 cells/µl increase | 0.71 (0.65–0.77) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.92–0.99) | <0.001 |
a
Nevirapine-based (nevirapine+stavudine+lamivudine); efavirenz-based (efavirenz+zidovudine+lamivudine);
b
measured by visual analogue scale. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; WHO, World Health Organization; ART, antiretroviral treatment; BMI, body mass index.