Figure 1.

Transcriptome profiling of CD4⁺ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells shows upregulation of interferon-γ and IL-6 JAK-STAT responses in CD4⁺PD-1⁺ T cells of INR patients. Enrichment of the IFN-γ response pathway (at FDR = 0.14) (above) and IL-6 JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway (below) in CD4⁺PD-1⁺ cells, identified by performing GSEA on the genes differentially expressed comparing INR (higher immune activation) to IR (less immune activation) among HIV/cART-treated patients. (A) Upregulation of the IFN-γ response pathway (at p-value <5% and FDR <15%) and (B) IL-6 JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway in CD4⁺PD-1⁺LAG3⁻ T cells, identified by performing GSEA on the genes differentially expressed comparing HIV-infected INR with IR patients. The color scale indicates the log fold-change of the gene being positively expressed and upregulated in the immune failure patients compared to the IR patients.