Table 3.

Bivariate tests of association and multiple linear regression modeling the association of tobacco product social norms with demographic and personal characteristics.

Potential predictor	Cigarettes (n=484)		E-cigarettes (n=476)		Hookah (n=486)
	Bivariate test statistic (p)	Regression parameter estimate (p)	Bivariate test statistic (p)	Regression parameter estimate (p)	Bivariate test statistic (p)	Regression parameter estimate (p)
Male	6.45 (<.001)	1.19 (<.001)	3.09 (.002)	0.57 (.030)	1.86 (.064)	0.19 (.47)
White/non-Hispanic	0.06 (.95)	0.06 (.80)	1.26 (.21)	0.41 (.16)	1.04 (.30)	0.35 (.24)
Lower undergraduates	−1.07 (.28)	−0.15 (.57)	−2.74 (.006)	−0.48 (.14)	−1.38 (.17)	<0.01 (.99)
On-campus residence	−0.65 (.52)	0.05 (.82)	−2.20 (.028)	−0.14 (.58)	−2.67 (.008)	−0.37 (.15)
Current tobacco user	6.37 (<.001)	1.55 (<.001)	7.74 (<.001)	1.97(<.001)	9.22 (<.001)	2.18 (<.001)
Number of smokers in lifer	0.20 (<.001)	0.21 (.036)	0.26 (<.001)	0.36 (.005)	0.20 (<.001)	0.27 (.038)
Reported exposure to SHSr	0.03 (.53)	−0.01 (.84)	0.17 (<.001)	0.12 (.033)	0.10 (.022)	0.04 (.47)
	MLR F=14.16, p < .001 R2=0.17		MLR F=13.46, p<.001 R2=0.17		MLR F=10.67, p<.001 R2=0.14

SHS=Secondhand smoke

MLR=multiple linear regression

Note. All bivariate comparisons based on two-sample t-tests except those denoted with ‘r,’ which are Pearson's product moment correlations.