Table 2.
Abundance of 16S rRNA Genes and blaCTX-M Group 1 ESBLs in Wetlands and Wastewater Treatment Plants Estimated by Real-Time Quantitative PCR
| Site | blaCTX-Mgp1 | 16S rRNA genes | blaCTX-M/16S rRNA gene |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRE (wet) | 1.34 ± 0.619 | 3.06 × 104 ± 1.44 × 103 | 4.39 × 10−5 ± 2.08 × 10−5 |
| TRE (dry) | BDL | 3.29 × 103 ± 3.34 × 103 | |
| FAM (wet) | BDL | 1.58 × 104 ± 6.05 × 103 | |
| FAM (dry) | BDL | 1.27 × 104 ± 5.67 × 103 | |
| SBI-E | 0.550 | 1.93 × 104 | 2.85 × 10−5 |
| SBI-R | 0.423 | 7.71 × 103 | 5.48 × 10−5 |
| SBI-RS | 1.98 | 9.30 × 103 | 2.13 × 10−4 |
| SBI-L | 0.596 | 1.12 × 104 | 5.32 × 10−5 |
| PL-E | 14.4 | 7.80 × 104 | 1.85 × 10−4 |
| PL-R | BDL | 1.87 × 104 | |
| PL-RS | BDL | 2.81 × 104 | |
| PL-DS | BDL | 1.13 × 104 |
Abundance of blaCTX-M group 1 and 16S rRNA genes reported as copies per nanogram of environmental DNA. Values for TRE and FAM samples represent mean ± 1 standard deviation (n = 4). Values for SBI and PL samples represent the means of triplicate measurements, but not true replication (thus, no variance is reported).
BDL, below the detection limit of 0.2 copies per nanogram DNA.
DS, digested sludge; E, effluent; L, lime-treated sludge; R, raw influent; RS, raw sludge.