FIG. 7.

Bipolar cells express phenotypic markers of radial glia. Representative images of bipolar cells cultured on 2D (A, B, E, F, I, J) or 3D substrates (C, D, G, H, K, M). On 2D, the GFAP⁺ (red) bipolar cells colabeled with the mature astrocyte marker, S100β (B, green), as well as the radial glial markers, RC2 (F, green) and nestin (J, green). By contrast, in 3D, very few bipolar cells expressed S100β (D), but nearly all expressed RC2 (H) and nestin (M). Scale bar: 20 μm. (N) Expression of markers in bipolar cells. Bars represent mean ± SEM from at least n = 3 samples; in each sample, n > 50 astrocytes were counted. An asterisk denotes a significant difference at the p < 0.05 level. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea