Table 2.
Characteristics of the study subjects (n = 294)
| Pugs | French Bulldogs | Bulldogs | Nonbrachycephalic Controlsa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dog number | 100 | 100 | 66 | 28 |
| Clinical dogsb/study dogsc | 18/82 | 20/80 | 6/60 | 0/28 |
| Female %/intact % | 54%/76% | 62%/68% | 65.2%/94% | 60.71%/60.71% |
| Age (years) | 3.13 [1–12.25] | 2.5 [1–10.5] | 1.83 [1–10.5] | 2.75 [1–12] |
| Body weight (kg) | 8.4 [4.6–14.4] | 11.5 [8–17] | 24.9 [15–32] | 11.62 [6–27] |
| BCS (1–9), Obesityd% | 7 [4–9]ee, 62% | 5 [3–7], 13% | 6 [4–8]e, 36.4% | 5 [4–6], 0% |
| Stenotic nares % | 58.2%ee | 66.7%ee | 40.9%ee | 0% |
| Functional Grade | Grade 0: 7% | Grade 0: 10% | Grade 0: 15.2% | Grade 0: 100% |
| Grade I: 26% | Grade I: 34% | Grade I: 40.9% | ||
| Grade II: 50% | Grade II: 41% | Grade II: 28.8% | ||
| Grade III: 17% | Grade III: 15% | Grade III: 15.2% | ||
| Prevalence of BOAS in study dogs | 59.8% (CI95: 48.9–69.7%) | 46.3% (CI95: 35.8–57.1%) | 40% (CI95: 28.6–52.6%) | 0% |
Data are presented as median [minimum–maximum]. CI95 = 95% confidence interval.
aBreeds of control dogs: Border collie (n = 1), Cairn terrier (n = 1), Cross (n = 4), Jack Russell terrier (n = 4), King Charles spaniel (n = 1); Springer spaniel (n = 2); Beagle (n = 6); West Highland white terrier (n = 1); miniature Schnauzer (n = 2); King Charles spaniel (n = 1); Labrador retriever (n = 3); American bullterrier (n = 1); Dachshund (n = 1).
bClinical dogs: dogs that were referred to the Queen's Veterinary School Hospital for upper airway corrective surgery.
cStudy dogs: dogs from owners who participated in the study voluntarily. The dogs may or may not present clinical signs of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS).
dBCS = body condition score; obesity defined here as BCS ≥7.
eSignificantly different from nonbrachycephalic control dogs at P < .01 or at ee P < .001.