Table 2. Inhibitory KHKC Activity of Candidate Botanical Extracts.
| Fraction | Botanical | Genus | Species | Botanical Plate | KHKC Inhibition (%) | KHKC IC50 (μg/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plate ID | Well | ||||||
| Lipophilic | Phloretin** | Malus | domestica | FTL Plate 09 | G11 | 87.9 | 8.9 |
| Combination | Phloretin** | Malus | domestica | FTL Plate 09 | E10 | 84.3 | 9.2 |
| Lipophilic | Angelica Root(1 yr) | Angelica | archangelica | FTL Plate 26 | B4 | 61.8 | 22.6 |
| Hydrophilic | Angelica Root(1 yr) | Angelica | archangelica | FTL Plate 26 | D4 | 77.6 | 23.2 |
| Combination | Angelica Root (mature > 2yr) | Angelica | archangelica | FTL Plate 03 | C3 | 64.6 | 30.3 |
| Hydrophilic | Angelica Root (mature > 2yr) | Angelica | archangelica | FTL Plate 03 | D2 | 57.9 | 30.4 |
| Lipophilic | Rhodiola Kirilowii | Rhodiola | Kirilowii | FTL Plate 15 | B9 | 70.3 | 32.2 |
| Combination | Angelica Root(1 yr) | Angelica | archangelica | FTL Plate 26 | F4 | 51.4 | 39.2 |
| Hydrophilic | Troical Fruit Extract* | Garcinia | mangostana | FTL Plate 08 | C11 | 53.7 | 50.9 |
| Lipophilic | Angelica Root (mature > 2yr) | Angelica | archangelica | FTL Plate 03 | B1 | 44.0 | 57.3 |
| Lipophilic | Peppermint | Mentha | lavanduliodora | FTL Plate 24 | D2 | 39.2 | 76.4 |
| Combination | Troical Fruit Extract | Garcinia | mangostana | FTL Plate 08 | B9 | 35.5 | 106.9 |
| Hydrophilic | Onion Extract: Querline Allium cepa | Allium | cepa | FTL Plate 07 | C7 | 32.2 | 109.2 |
| Lipophilic | Baikal Skullcap | Scutellaria | baicalensis | FTL Plate 24 | C6 | 31.7 | 120.9 |
| Lipophilic | Chinese Mint | Mentha | haplocalyx | FTL Plate 23 | G10 | 41.3 | 126.5 |
| Lipophilic | Chocolate Mint | Mentha | piperita | FTL Plate 23 | F9 | 36.5 | 129.5 |
| Combination | Spearmint Mentha spicata | Mentha | spicata | FTL Plate 04 | G9 | 36.2 | 141.4 |
| Combination | Chinese Mint | Mentha | haplocalyx | FTL Plate 23 | F11 | 31.6 | 164.2 |
| Lipophilic | Double Mint | Mentha | gracilis | FTL Plate 23 | B11 | 31.3 | 170.3 |
| Combination | Chocolate Mint | Mentha | piperita | FTL Plate 23 | E10 | 36.5 | 209.1 |
FTL: functional target library; proprietary library of Amway Corp. IC50: half maximal inhibitory concentration. KHKC: ketohexokinase isoform C.
* Tropical Fruit Extract is commercially available from Cyvex Nutrition, Inc. The major component is mangosteen fruit extract from Garcinia mangostana.
** Phloretin is commercially available from Cyvex Nutrition, Inc., and is a natural phenolic compound found in apple tree leaves.