Figure 5. Confidence of treating physician about the target volume.

We measured the confidence of surgeons about the target volume. Surgeons were absolutely confident (50%) or very confident (50%) in all cases when the volume was contoured using the 3D-printed model. The level of confidence was lower (very confident 30%, confident 50%, fairly confident 20%) when the target was contoured using only the neuroimaging. With regard to the degree of uncertainty, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.01).