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A. The time-course of GDF11-induced smad1/5/8 activation in HUVECs. *P < 0.05 vs. control (0h), **P < 0.01 vs. control (0h). n = 5. B. The time-course of GDF11-induced smad2/3 activation in HUVECs. *P < 0.05 vs. control (0h), **P < 0.01 vs. control (0h). n = 10.
