Figure 8. The signaling pathway of regulating the actin dynamics by cofilin and initiating TGEV entry.

Early after infection, TGEV stimulates the phosphorylation of cofilin and the polymerization of F-actin through the EGFR-PI3K-Rac1/Cdc42-PAK-LIMK signaling pathway. EGFR is another receptor for TGEV invasion, and is involved in the regulation of actin dynamics and TGEV invasion. Lipid rafts are clustered and act as signaling platforms for EGFR-mediated signaling.